Carlos Grande

Electrochemical Deposition and Surface-Initiated RAFT Polymerization: Protein and Cell-Resistant PPEGMEMA Polymer Brushes

This paper introduces a novel and versatile method of grafting protein and cell-resistant poly(poly ethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) (PPEGMEMA) brushes on conducting Au surface. The process started with the electrochemical deposition and full characterization of an electro-active chain transfer agent (CTA) on the Au surface. The electrochemical behavior of the CTA was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) while the deposition and stability of the CTA on the surface were confirmed by ellipsometry, contact angle, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The capability of the electrodeposited CTA to mediate surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (SI-RAFT) polymerization on both the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA; model polymer) and PPEGMEMA brushes was demonstrated by the increase in thicknesses of the films after polymerization. Contact angles also decreased with the incorporation of the more hydrophilic brushes. Significant changes in the morphologies of the films before and after polymerization were also observed with atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses. Furthermore, XPS results showed an increase in the O 1s peak intensity relative to C 1s after polymerizations, which confirmed the grafting of polyethyleneglycol (PEG) bearing brushes. The ability of the PPEGMEMA-modified Au surface to resist nonspecific adhesion of proteins and cells was monitored and confirmed by XPS, ellipsometry, contact angle, AFM, and fluorescence imaging. The new method presented has potential application as robust protein and cell-resistant coatings for electrically conducting electrodes and biomedical devices.

Biodegradation of graphene oxide-polymer nanocomposite films in wastewater

The synthesis of polymer nanocomposites has been extensively investigated by many researchers, however, the end of life fate of polymer nanocomposites is still largely unknown. It is expected that at the end of their service life, these polymer nanocomposites will most likely end up in soil and water systems where microorganisms will interact and, perhaps, even biodegrade them. In this study, we investigate the ability of wastewater microorganisms to biodegrade nanocomposite films containing different graphene oxide (GO) loads (0% to 0.6%, (w/w%)) embedded in a model biopolymer (i.e. chitosan). The ability of wastewater microorganisms to grow and form biofilms on the surface of the nanocomposite films was determined by live and dead staining assisted with confocal laser scanning microscopy. The capability of wastewater biofilms to biodegrade nanocomposites was assessed through nanocomposite film weight losses, Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Results showed that microorganisms present in the activated sludge can grow on the surface of the nanocomposites and biodegrade the polymer surrounding the graphene oxide nanoplatelets. As the biopolymer gets degraded, there is increasing exposure of GO on the surface, which yields microbial inactivation and biofilm growth inhibition. To determine the evolution of the toxicity of the nanocomposite during biodegradation. We determined the emergence of the sharp edges of GO on the surface of the nanocomposite through atomic force microscopy (AFM), as well as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the Ellmans assay before and after biodegradation of the nanocomposites. The results show that as GO surfaces the nanocomposite film during biodegradation, there is increasing production of ROS, which explains the increasing inactivation of the microorganisms.

Significado pronóstico de los subtipos inmunológicos de la leucemia aguda linfoblástica T del adulto. Estudio de 81 pacientes

Fundamento y objetivo La leucemia aguda linfoblastica (LAL) de fenotipo T incluye 4 subtipos inmunologicos: pro-T, pre-T, timica o cortical y madura. En algunos estudios, los subtipos LAL pro-T y maduro tienen un peor pronostico. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido describir las principales caracteristicas clinicas, los resultados del tratamiento y el pronostico de los subtipos inmunologicos de LAL-T en 81 pacientes adultos incluidos en 2 protocolos del grupo PETHEMA (LAL-96 y LAL-93). Pacientes y metodo Entre 1993 y 2003, se incluyo en 2 protocolos de PETHEMA a 81 pacientes adultos de 22 hospitales espanoles: LAL-96 para pacientes de riesgo estandar y LAL-93 para pacientes de alto riesgo. Se comparo los principales parametros clinicos y biologicos iniciales de cada subgrupo de LAL-T, asi como la rapidez en la respuesta al tratamiento, la tasa de remision completa, la supervivencia libre de enfermedad y la supervivencia global. Resultados De los 64 pacientes evaluables, la distribucion de los subtipos inmunologicos fue: 3 pro-T, 17 pre-T, 22 timica o cortical y 22 madura. Los pacientes con LAL-T madura presentaron afeccion inicial del sistema nervioso central y marcadores mieloides con mayor frecuencia que el resto de los pacientes. Los pacientes con LAL-T madura tuvieron una respuesta significativamente mas lenta al tratamiento que los que presentaban LAL-T pre-T y cortical, pero ello no se tradujo en diferencias significativas en la tasa de remision completa (el 77 frente al 94%) supervivencia libre de enfermedad (el 42 frente al 46%) y la supervivencia global (el 29 frente al 47%). Conclusiones Aunque los pacientes con LAL-T madura respondieron mas lentamente al tratamiento y su supervivencia tendio a ser mas corta, en el presente estudio no se encontraron diferencias estadisticamente significativas en el pronostico de los diferentes subtipos de LAL-T.

2,2'-(Carbono-thio-yldisulfanedi-yl)bis-(2-methyl-propanoic acid).

The molecular structure of the title compound, C9H14O4S3, exhibits intramolecular C—H⋯S hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds lead to the formation of centrosymmetric dimers, which are in turn connected by weak C—H⋯O interactions. The combination of these interactions generates edge-fused R 2 2(8) and R 2 2(20) rings running along [211].

Synthesis and characterization of (6-{[2-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl}pyridin-2-yl)methanol: a supramolecular and topological study.

Hydrazones exhibit a versatile chemistry and are of interest for their potential use as functional molecular systems capable of undergoing reversible changes of configuration, i.e. E/Z isomerization. The title compound, C12H12N4O, has an E configuration with respect to the hydrazone C=N bond. The crystal packing is formed by N-H...N and O-H...N hydrogen bonds that give a two-dimensional layer structure and C-H...C interactions associated with layer stacking to produce the three-dimensional supramolecular structure. These intermolecular interactions were analyzed and quantified by the Hirshfeld surface method and the two-dimensional supramolecular arrangement was topologically simplified as a hcb network.

1,4-Phenylenebis(methylene) bis(9H-carbazole-9-carbodithioate).

The molecules of the title compound, C(34)H(24)N(2)S(4), lie across centres of inversion in the space group P2(1)/n. The spacer unit linking the benzene rings and carbazole units is effectively planar, while the carbazole unit itself is slightly folded. Molecules are linked into sheets by a single C-H···π(arene) hydrogen bond and the hydrogen-bonded sheets are themselves linked into a three-dimensional framework structure by a single π-π stacking interaction.

2-{[(Dodecylsulfanyl)carbonothioyl]sulfanyl}-2-methylpropanoic acid: a chain of edge-fused R(2)(2)(8) and R(4)(4)(20) rings built from O-H...O and C-H...O hydrogen bonds.

In the title compound, C(17)H(32)O(2)S(3), the dodecyl chain and the trithiocarbonate unit adopt a nearly planar all-trans conformation, while the carboxyl group is synclinal to this chain direction. The molecules are linked by pairs of inversion-related O-H...O hydrogen bonds to form centrosymmetric dimers of R(2)(2)(8) type, and dimers related by translation are linked by C-H...O hydrogen bonds to form a chain of edge-fused rings, or a molecular ladder, containing alternating R(2)(2)(8) and R(4)(4)(20) rings.

Results of a prospective phase II trial with ofatumumab as part of reduced intensity conditioning regimen in high-risk non-Hodgkin B lymphoma patients: A GELTAMO trial

REGIMEN IN HIGH‐RISK NON‐HODGKIN B LYMPHOMA PATIENTS: A GELTAMO TRIAL M. Cabrero* | L. Lopez‐Corral | F. de la Cruz | I. Jarque | D. Valcarcel | E. Perez‐Lopez | A. Martin | F. Sanchez‐Guijo | C. Grande | M. Martin‐Calvo | A. Martin | D. Caballero Hematology, Salamanca University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain; Hematology, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain; Hematology, La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain; Hematology, Hospital Vall dHebron, Barcelona, Spain; Hematology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Hematology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain

2,2'-(1,4-Phenylene)bis(propane-2,2-diyl) bis(benzodithioate)

The title compound, C26H26S4, shows a dihedral angle of 76.64u2005(15)° between the central and peripheral benzene rings. An inversion center is located at the centroid of the thiobenzoyl ring. In the crystal, weak C—H⋯S interactions form C(5) chains along [001]. There are no classical hydrogen bonds.

2,2′-(1,4-Phenylene)bis(propane-2,2-diyl) bis(benzodithioate)

The title compound, C26H26S4, shows a dihedral angle of 76.64u2005(15)° between the central and peripheral benzene rings. An inversion center is located at the centroid of the thiobenzoyl ring. In the crystal, weak C—H⋯S interactions form C(5) chains along [001]. There are no classical hydrogen bonds.