Carlos Henrique Rocha Catalão

Sciatic nerve regeneration in rats by a nerve conduit engineering with a membrane derived from natural latex

PURPOSE To evaluate the capacity of natural latex membrane to accelerate and improve the regeneration quality of the of rat sciatic nerves. METHODS Forty male adult Wistar rats were used, anesthetized and operated to cut the sciatic nerve and receive an autograft or a conduit made with a membrane derived from natural latex (Hevea brasiliensis). Four or eight weeks after surgery, to investigate motor nerve recovery, we analyzed the neurological function by walking pattern (footprints analysis and computerized treadmill), electrophysiological evaluation and histological analysis of regenerated nerve (autologous nerve graft or tissue cables between the nerve stumps), and anterior tibial and gastrocnemius muscles. RESULTS All functional and morphological analysis showed that the rats transplanted with latex conduit had a better neurological recovery than those operated with autologous nerve: quality of footprints, performance on treadmill (p<0.01), electrophysiological response (p<0.05), and quality of histological aspects on neural regeneration. CONCLUSION The data reported showed behavioral and functional recovery in rats implanted with latex conduit for sciatic nerve repair, supporting a complete morphological and physiological regeneration of the nerve.

Pre- and Postshunting Magnetization Transfer Ratios Are in Accordance with Neurological and Behavioral Changes in Hydrocephalic Immature Rats

Hydrocephalus is a common neurological condition in children characterized by an imbalance between the production and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), causing abnormal fluid accumulation in the brain cavities. Shunt systems have been used to drain excess CSF and to prevent progressive ventricular enlargement. However, despite improvements in these systems, neurological and structural changes cannot always be reversed. Our aim was to evaluate the magnetization transfer ratio as a biomarker for the effectiveness of a CSF shunt system to treat neurological and behavioral disorders observed in experimental hydrocephalus. Seven-day-old Wistar rats were used in this study. The pups were subjected to hydrocephalus induction via 20% kaolin intracisternal injection. After confirmation of ventriculomegaly by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a group of animals underwent placement of a ventriculosubcutaneous shunt (VSS). The reduction in ventricular size in hydrocephalic rats operated with functional VSS was observed as a decrease in ventricular ratio values and preservation of the corpus callosum thickness. Magnetization transfer values were significantly increased and matched to the recovery process of axonal myelination observed based on more-intense blue staining by solochrome cyanin. The histopathological analysis revealed a reduction in reactive astrocytes by means of GFAP immunostaining. The hydrocephalic rats operated with functional VSS also showed significant progress in motor and exploratory activities, similar to the control animals, at the end of the experiment. In conclusion, the VSS system employed 7 days after hydrocephalus induction was able to prevent structural damage and restore the axonal myelination process in periventricular structures by stabilizing and reducing the ventricular enlargement, and the results are in accordance with the magnetization transfer ratio in MRI.Hydrocephalus is a common neurological condition in children characterized by an imbalance between the production and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), causing abnormal fluid accumulation in the brain cavities. Shunt systems have been used to drain excess CSF and to prevent progressive ventricular enlargement. However, despite improvements in these systems, neurological and structural changes cannot always be reversed. Our aim was to evaluate the magnetization transfer ratio as a biomarker for the effectiveness of a CSF shunt system to treat neurological and behavioral disorders observed in experimental hydrocephalus. Seven-day-old Wistar rats were used in this study. The pups were subjected to hydrocephalus induction via 20% kaolin intracisternal injection. After confirmation of ventriculomegaly by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a group of animals underwent placement of a ventriculosubcutaneous shunt (VSS). The reduction in ventricular size in hydrocephalic rats operated with functional VSS was observed as a decrease in ventricular ratio values and preservation of the corpus callosum thickness. Magnetization transfer values were significantly increased and matched to the recovery process of axonal myelination observed based on more-intense blue staining by solochrome cyanin. The histopathological analysis revealed a reduction in reactive astrocytes by means of GFAP immunostaining. The hydrocephalic rats operated with functional VSS also showed significant progress in motor and exploratory activities, similar to the control animals, at the end of the experiment. In conclusion, the VSS system employed 7 days after hydrocephalus induction was able to prevent structural damage and restore the axonal myelination process in periventricular structures by stabilizing and reducing the ventricular enlargement, and the results are in accordance with the magnetization transfer ratio in MRI.

Morphological and Morphometric Analysis of the Hippocampus in Wistar Rats with Experimental Hydrocephalus

Background: The present study aims at better establishing the alterations caused by the usual enlargement of brain ventricles in this structure. Methods: Hydrocephalus was induced in 7-day-old Wistar rats by the injection of kaolin into the cisterna magna. Morphological studies were performed on the hippocampus 7, 14 and 21 days after injection. The total number of neurons in each hippocampus subarea as well as that of pyknotic neurons were counted. Then we calculated the pyknotic index (PI) by hippocampal subarea, taking into account the level of ventricular dilatation and time of induction of hydrocephalus. Results: PI was statistically larger in the CA1 subarea of the experimental group after 1 week of hydrocephalus induction as compared to the corresponding control as well as in animals that had developed mild hydrocephalus in groups G1, G2 and G3. Conclusion: Hydrocephalus caused morphological alterations in the hippocampus, leading to important changes in its shape.

0.1T magnetic resonance image in the study of experimental hydrocephalus in rats. Accuracy of the method in the measurements of the ventricular size

PURPOSE To investigate the accuracy of 1.0T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to measure the ventricular size in experimental hydrocephalus in pup rats. METHODS Wistar rats were subjected to hydrocephalus by intracisternal injection of 20% kaolin (n=13). Ten rats remained uninjected to be used as controls. At the endpoint of experiment animals were submitted to MRI of brain and killed. The ventricular size was assessed using three measures: ventricular ratio (VR), the cortical thickness (Cx) and the ventricles area (VA), performed on photographs of anatomical sections and MRI. RESULTS The images obtained through MR present enough quality to show the lateral ventricular cavities but not to demonstrate the difference between the cortex and the white matter, as well as the details of the deep structures of the brain. There were no statistically differences between the measures on anatomical sections and MRI of VR and Cx (p=0.9946 and p=0.5992, respectively). There was difference between VA measured on anatomical sections and MRI (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION The parameters obtained through 1.0T MRI were sufficient in quality to individualize the ventricular cavities and the cerebral cortex, and to calculate the ventricular ratio in hydrocephalus rats when compared to their respective anatomic slice.

Acupuncture at ST36 exerts neuroprotective effects via inhibition of reactive astrogliosis in infantile rats with hydrocephalus

Background Acupuncture has been associated with improved cerebral circulation, analgesia, neuromodulatory function and neurogenesis. In particular, acupuncture at ST36 has been widely used in several central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. However, its effects on hydrocephalus have not been studied. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of acupuncture at ST36 on behaviour, motor development and reactive astrogliosis in infantile rats with hydrocephalus. Methods Hydrocephalus was induced in sixteen 7-day-old pup rats by injection of 20% kaolin into the cisterna magna. One day after hydrocephalus induction, acupuncture was applied once daily (for 30 min) for a total of 21 days in eight randomly selected animals (HAc group) while the remaining eight remained untreated (H group). An additional eight healthy animals were included as controls (C group). All animals were weighed daily and, from the fifth day after hydrocephalus induction, underwent MRI to determine the ventricular ratio (VR). Rats were also exposed to modified open-field tests every 3 days until the end of the experiment. After 21 days all the animals were euthanased and their brains removed for histology and immunohistochemistry. Results Hydrocephalic rats showed an increase in VR when compared with control rats (P<0.01). In addition, these animals exhibited delayed weight gain, which was attenuated with acupuncture treatment. Hydrocephalic animals treated with acupuncture performed better in open field tests (P<0.05), and had a reduction in reactive astrocyte cell density in the corpus callosum and external capsule, as assessed by GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) immunohistochemistry (P<0.05). Conclusions These findings indicate that acupuncture at ST36 has a neuroprotective potential mediated, in part, by inhibition of astrogliosis.

Sepsis 2016 Agra, India

Table of contentsP1 D-Dimer in adult patients with presumed sepsis and their clinical outcomesSurinder Kumar Sharma, Anurag Rohatgi, Mansi BajajP2 Diagnosis of infection utilizing Acellix CD64Charles L. Sprung, Ricardo Calderon Morales, Harvey Kasdan, Allon Reiter, Tobias Volker, Julien MeissonnierP3 High levels of phenylcarboxylic acids reflect the severity in ICU patients and affect phagocytic activity of neutrophilsNatalia Beloborodova, Viktor Moroz, Aleksandra Bedova, Yulia Sarshor, Artem Osipov, Katerina ChernevskayaP4 The role of bacterial phenolic metabolites in mitochondrial dysfunctionNadezhda Fedotcheva, Ekaterina Chernevskaya, Natalia BeloborodovaP5 The early diagnosis of severe sepsis and judgment of rapid transport to critical care center: better prognostic factorHisashi Imahase, Kosuke C Yamada, Yuichiro Sakamoto, Miho Ohta, Ryota Sakurai, Mayuko Yahata, Mitsuru Umeka, Toru Miike, Hiroyuki Koami, Futoshi Nagashima, Takashi Iwamura, Satoshi InoueP6 Translational neuromodulation of the immune systemZhifeng Li, Dennis Grech, Patrick Morcillo, Alex Bekker, Luis UlloaP7 Pathway-level meta-analysis reveals transcriptional signature of septic shockSamanwoy Mukhopadhyay, Abhay D Pandey, Samsiddhi Bhattacharjee, Saroj K MohapatraP8 Antibiotic dosing in septic patients on the critical care unit - a literature reviewJulie K WilsonP9 Pandemic of Escherichia coli clone O25: H4-ST131 producing CTX-M-15 extended spectrum- β- lactamase- as serious cause of multidrug resistance extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli infections in IndiaSavita Jadhav, Rabindra Nath Misra, Nageswari Gandham, Kalpana Angadi, Chanda Vywahare, Neetu Gupta, Deepali DesaiP10 Detection and characterization of meningitis using a DDA-based mass spectrometry approachAnahita Bakochi, Tirthankar Mohanty, Adam Linder, Johan MalmströmP11 Diagnostic usefulness of lipid profile and procalcitonin in sepsis and trauma patientsDimple Anand, Seema Bhargava, Lalit Mohan Srivastava, Sumit RayP12 Heparin – a novel therapeutic in sepsis?Jane Fisher, Peter Bentzer, Adam LinderP13 Hypothalamic impairment is associated with vasopressin deficiency during sepsisLuis Henrique Angenendt da Costa, Nilton Nascimentos dos Santos Júnior Carlos Henrique Rocha Catalão, Maria José Alves da RochaP14 Presepsin (soluble CD14 subtype) is a dependable prognostic marker in critical septic patientsAlfredo Focà, Cinzia Peronace, Giovanni Matera, Aida Giancotti, Giorgio Settimo Barreca, Angela Quirino, Maria Teresa Loria, Pio Settembre, Maria Carla Liberto, Bruno AmanteaP15 Safety and efficacy of gelatin-containing solutions versus crystalloids and albumin - a systematic review with quantitative and qualitative summariesChristiane Hartog, Christiane Hartog, Claudia Moeller, Carolin Fleischmann, Daniel Thomas-Rueddel, Vlasislav Vlasakov, Bram Rochwerg, Philip Theurer, Konrad ReinhartP16 Immunomodulatory properties of peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells following endotoxin stimulation in an equine modelAnna E. Smith, Sandra D. TaylorP17 Frequency and outcome of early sepsis-associated coagulopathyChristopher Da Costa, Amanda Radford, Terry Lee, Joel Singer, John Boyd, David Fineberg, Mark Williams, James A Russell

Sepsis 2016 Agra, India: Agra, India. 5-6 February 2016

Table of contentsP1 D-Dimer in adult patients with presumed sepsis and their clinical outcomesSurinder Kumar Sharma, Anurag Rohatgi, Mansi BajajP2 Diagnosis of infection utilizing Acellix CD64Charles L. Sprung, Ricardo Calderon Morales, Harvey Kasdan, Allon Reiter, Tobias Volker, Julien MeissonnierP3 High levels of phenylcarboxylic acids reflect the severity in ICU patients and affect phagocytic activity of neutrophilsNatalia Beloborodova, Viktor Moroz, Aleksandra Bedova, Yulia Sarshor, Artem Osipov, Katerina ChernevskayaP4 The role of bacterial phenolic metabolites in mitochondrial dysfunctionNadezhda Fedotcheva, Ekaterina Chernevskaya, Natalia BeloborodovaP5 The early diagnosis of severe sepsis and judgment of rapid transport to critical care center: better prognostic factorHisashi Imahase, Kosuke C Yamada, Yuichiro Sakamoto, Miho Ohta, Ryota Sakurai, Mayuko Yahata, Mitsuru Umeka, Toru Miike, Hiroyuki Koami, Futoshi Nagashima, Takashi Iwamura, Satoshi InoueP6 Translational neuromodulation of the immune systemZhifeng Li, Dennis Grech, Patrick Morcillo, Alex Bekker, Luis UlloaP7 Pathway-level meta-analysis reveals transcriptional signature of septic shockSamanwoy Mukhopadhyay, Abhay D Pandey, Samsiddhi Bhattacharjee, Saroj K MohapatraP8 Antibiotic dosing in septic patients on the critical care unit - a literature reviewJulie K WilsonP9 Pandemic of Escherichia coli clone O25: H4-ST131 producing CTX-M-15 extended spectrum- β- lactamase- as serious cause of multidrug resistance extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli infections in IndiaSavita Jadhav, Rabindra Nath Misra, Nageswari Gandham, Kalpana Angadi, Chanda Vywahare, Neetu Gupta, Deepali DesaiP10 Detection and characterization of meningitis using a DDA-based mass spectrometry approachAnahita Bakochi, Tirthankar Mohanty, Adam Linder, Johan MalmströmP11 Diagnostic usefulness of lipid profile and procalcitonin in sepsis and trauma patientsDimple Anand, Seema Bhargava, Lalit Mohan Srivastava, Sumit RayP12 Heparin – a novel therapeutic in sepsis?Jane Fisher, Peter Bentzer, Adam LinderP13 Hypothalamic impairment is associated with vasopressin deficiency during sepsisLuis Henrique Angenendt da Costa, Nilton Nascimentos dos Santos Júnior Carlos Henrique Rocha Catalão, Maria José Alves da RochaP14 Presepsin (soluble CD14 subtype) is a dependable prognostic marker in critical septic patientsAlfredo Focà, Cinzia Peronace, Giovanni Matera, Aida Giancotti, Giorgio Settimo Barreca, Angela Quirino, Maria Teresa Loria, Pio Settembre, Maria Carla Liberto, Bruno AmanteaP15 Safety and efficacy of gelatin-containing solutions versus crystalloids and albumin - a systematic review with quantitative and qualitative summariesChristiane Hartog, Christiane Hartog, Claudia Moeller, Carolin Fleischmann, Daniel Thomas-Rueddel, Vlasislav Vlasakov, Bram Rochwerg, Philip Theurer, Konrad ReinhartP16 Immunomodulatory properties of peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells following endotoxin stimulation in an equine modelAnna E. Smith, Sandra D. TaylorP17 Frequency and outcome of early sepsis-associated coagulopathyChristopher Da Costa, Amanda Radford, Terry Lee, Joel Singer, John Boyd, David Fineberg, Mark Williams, James A Russell