Carlos José de Paula Silva

Traumatismos maxilofaciais como marcadores de violência urbana uma análise comparativa entre gêneros

Urban violence is a widely discussed topic in various sectors of society, either due to its impact on public health indicators and its influence on the everyday life of individuals or the constant presence of casualties in the health services. This study compares differences in victimization between the genders based on maxillofacial injuries as markers of urban violence. This is a cross-sectional study with data collected in three hospitals of reference for multiple traumatic injuries in Belo Horizonte in the state of Minas Gerais, between January 2008 and December 2010. The analysis included descriptive and multivariate statistics using logistic regression. There were records of 7,063 victims, 55.1% of which involved interpersonal violence. The majority of victims were males (71.2%). Among the male victims, firearm and knife-inflicted aggression and motorcycle accidents were more frequent than aggression without the use of a weapon. Multiple fractures were the type of injury that best characterized the profile of victimization among males compared to soft tissue injuries. Gender is an important factor in victimization resulting in maxillofacial injuries and urban violence, in which males are the main victims.Urban violence is a widely discussed topic in various sectors of society, either due to its impact on public health indicators and its influence on the everyday life of individuals or the constant presence of casualties in the health services. This study compares differences in victimization between the genders based on maxillofacial injuries as markers of urban violence. This is a cross-sectional study with data collected in three hospitals of reference for multiple traumatic injuries in Belo Horizonte in the state of Minas Gerais, between January 2008 and December 2010. The analysis included descriptive and multivariate statistics using logistic regression. There were records of 7,063 victims, 55.1% of which involved interpersonal violence. The majority of victims were males (71.2%). Among the male victims, firearm and knife-inflicted aggression and motorcycle accidents were more frequent than aggression without the use of a weapon. Multiple fractures were the type of injury that best characterized the profile of victimization among males compared to soft tissue injuries. Gender is an important factor in victimization resulting in maxillofacial injuries and urban violence, in which males are the main victims. Language: pt

Maxillofacial Injuries as Markers of Interpersonal Violence in Belo Horizonte-Brazil: Analysis of the Socio-Spatial Vulnerability of the Location of Victim's Residences.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the spatial pattern of cases of maxillofacial injuries caused by interpersonal violence, based on the location of the victim’s residence, and to investigate the existence of conditions of socio-spatial vulnerability in these areas. This is a cross-sectional study, using the data of victims attended in three emergency hospitals in Belo Horizonte-Brazil between January 2008 and December 2010. Based on the process of spatial signature, the socio-spatial condition of the victims was identified according to data from census tracts. The spatial distribution trends of the addresses of victims were analyzed using Kernel maps and Ripley’s K function. Multicriteria analysis was used to analyze the territorial insertion of victims, using a combination of variables to obtain the degree of socio-spatial vulnerability. The residences of the victims were distributed in an aggregated manner in urban areas, with a confidence level of 99%. The highest densities were found in areas of unfavorable socioeconomic conditions and, to a lesser extent, areas with worse residential and neighborhood infrastructure. Spatial clusters of households formed in slums with a significant level of socio-spatial vulnerability. Explanations of the living conditions in segregated urban areas and analysis of the concentration of more vulnerable populations should be a priority in the development of public health and safety policies.

Is There an Association between Traumatic Dental Injury and Social Capital, Binge Drinking and Socioeconomic Indicators among Schoolchildren?

Objectives Traumatic dental injury is defined as trauma caused by forces on a tooth with variable extent and severity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of traumatic dental injury and its association with overjet, lip protection, sex, socioeconomic status, social capital and binge drinking among 12-year-old students. Research Design and Method A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 633 12-year-old students. Data were collected through a clinical exam and self-administered questionnaires. Socioeconomic status was determined based on mother’s schooling and household income. The Social Capital Questionnaire for Adolescent Students and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) were used to measure social capital and binge drinking, respectively. Results The prevalence of traumatic dental injury was 29.9% (176/588). Traumatic dental injury was more prevalent among male adolescents (p = 0.010), those with overjet greater than 5 mm (p < 0.001) and those with inadequate lip protection (p < 0.001). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, overjet [OR = 3.80 (95% CI: 2.235–6.466), p < 0.0001], inadequate lip protection [OR = 5.585 (95% CI: 3.654–8.535), p < 0.0001] and binge drinking [OR = 1.93 (95% CI: 1.21–3.06), p = 0.005] remained significantly associated with traumatic dental injury. Conclusions The present findings suggest that a high level of total social capital and trust are not associated with TDI in adolescents, unlike binge drinking. The effects of social and behavioral factors on TDI are not well elucidated. Therefore, further research involving other populations and a longitudinal design is recommended.

Characterization of victims of aggression and transportation accidents treated at the Forensic Medicine and Dentistry Institute - Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil - 2010

The objective of this cross-sectional census study was to characterize agression and land-based transport accidents in a city in the Northeast of Brazil. Data was analyzed from live victims who were treated at a forensic service (N = 2.379). In the descriptive analysis, the majority of events were represented by aggression (71.6%); which occurred on weekdays (65%), with 35.1% at night. Trauma occurred to the whole body (63.6%) and to soft tissue (74.2%). On the basis of multiple correspondence analysis, two dimensions were formed: the first dimension (internal reliability = 0.654) was formed by the cause of the event, the trauma and the age group and the second dimension (reliability = 0.514), by age group, occupation and civil status. Three groups with distinct profiles were formed for accidents and aggression: young women who suffered aggression, with trauma to the face and soft tissues during the evening and at weekends; adult men who suffered car accidents, in the morning and on work days; and retired elderly widowers, who were run over.

A violência urbana contra crianças e adolescentes em Belo Horizonte: uma história contada através dos traumas maxilofaciais

Os traumas maxilofaciais decorrentes da violencia contra criancas e adolescentes impactam suas vidas, fisica e psiquicamente, pelas deformidades que podem provocar e pela exposicao da lesao na face das vitimas. O objetivo deste trabalho e identificar a prevalencia dos traumas maxilofaciais em criancas e adolescentes decorrentes da violencia urbana em Belo Horizonte- Brasil. O estudo foi conduzido no Hospital Municipal Odilon Behrens, unico hospital municipal de referencia nesse tipo de atendimento em Belo Horizonte. Coletaram-se os registros de vitimas atendidas de janeiro a dezembro de 2007. O principal evento de violencia sofrido entre criancas e adolescentes foi agressao fisica, 44,2% e 64,7%, respectivamente. Entre as criancas, o tipo de trauma mais comum foi o trauma dentoalveolar (53,8%), e entre os adolescentes, trauma de tecidos moles (47,5%). O maior numero de ocorrencias se deu no periodo noturno: criancas (84,6%) e adolescentes (74,8%). O genero mais vitimado foi o masculino, criancas (63,5%) e adolescentes (68,3%). Estrategias apropriadas para identificacao do evento de violencia e do agressor sao necessarios para que melhor sejam planejados mecanismos de protecao da crianca e do adolescente, uma vez que a violencia sofrida por criancas e adolescentes no Brasil, considerando a complexidade dessa fase da vida, assume um quadro sombrio, desconstruindo o desenvolvimento, a sociabilidade e comprometendo a visao das vitimas sobre si mesmas e sobre o mundo que as cercam.

A formação de valores e a prática da atenção primária na saúde com estudantes de odontologia

The interventions that public health Brazilian system propose, denominated Unique Health System (UHS) depend on the value given to Primary Health Care (PHC). Therefore, human resources involved must be prepared. The aim of this study was to evaluate dimension concepts related to PHC by students of eight and nine periods of Dentistry Department of a Brazilian Public University, with the participation of a sample of students. In order to study the dimensions, one researcher applied individual questionnaires. The answers were analyzed with BioStat 4.0 program. Respondents understand broadly “the process health-disease” and that “adequate technologies” are limited to hard and medium technologies, with little mention to the use of soft technologies. With respect to “humanizing health care”, they belief that ethics represent a compromise with human dignity and that solidarity must be understood politically; furthermore, they establish a link between technical experience and responsibility, reflected in giving priority to the person. On the other hand, they do not understand that it is possible a deep study of ethics and solidarity, understanding them more as “values” which cannot be systematized in curricular content.

La formación de valores y la práctica de atención primaria en salud con estudiantes de odontología

The interventions that public health Brazilian system propose, denominated Unique Health System (UHS) depend on the value given to Primary Health Care (PHC). Therefore, human resources involved must be prepared. The aim of this study was to evaluate dimension concepts related to PHC by students of eight and nine periods of Dentistry Department of a Brazilian Public University, with the participation of a sample of students. In order to study the dimensions, one researcher applied individual questionnaires. The answers were analyzed with BioStat 4.0 program. Respondents understand broadly “the process health-disease” and that “adequate technologies” are limited to hard and medium technologies, with little mention to the use of soft technologies. With respect to “humanizing health care”, they belief that ethics represent a compromise with human dignity and that solidarity must be understood politically; furthermore, they establish a link between technical experience and responsibility, reflected in giving priority to the person. On the other hand, they do not understand that it is possible a deep study of ethics and solidarity, understanding them more as “values” which cannot be systematized in curricular content.

Padrão espacial e diferencial de renda dos domicílios de adolescentes e adultos jovens vítimas de traumatismo maxilofacial por agressão com arma de fogo

The study investigated the spatial pattern of cases of maxillofacial injury resulting from firearm aggression among teenagers and young adults and analyzed the comparison of income differentials in these areas based on the residence of the victims. This is a cross-sectional study with data from victims attended in three hospitals in Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, from January 2008 to December 2010. The addresses of the victims were georeferenced by geocoding. Randomness and point density trends were analyzed using Ripleys K function and Kernel maps. The spatial interaction between the homes of adolescents and young adults was verified through the K12 function. Records of 218 cases of assault with a male predominance (89.9%) and young adults (70.6%) were found. Household clusters were distributed on an aggregate basis in the urban space with a confidence level of 99% and similar spatial aggregation levels. The hotspots converged on 7 shantytowns or neighboring regions with higher income population revealing spread of events. Hotspots focused on slums with a history of crimes linked to drug trafficking. The incorporation of space in the dynamics of events showed that the economic condition in isolation did not limit victimization.Resumo O estudo investigou o padrao espacial dos casos de traumatismo maxilofacial decorrentes de agressao com arma de fogo em adolescentes e adultos jovens a partir do local de domicilio das vitimas e analisou comparativamente os diferenciais de renda dessas areas. Estudo transversal com dados de vitimas atendidas em tres hospitais de Belo Horizonte-MG, entre janeiro de 2008 e dezembro de 2010. Enderecos foram georeferenciados por geocodificacao. Tendencias de aleatoriedade e densidade de pontos foram analisadas por Funcao K de Ripley e mapas de Kernel. A interacao espacial entre os domicilios de adolescentes e adultos jovens foi verificada atraves da Funcao K12. Encontrouse registros de 218 casos de agressao com arma de fogo, com predominio do sexo masculino (89,9%) e adultos jovens (70,6%). Os domicilios se distribuiram de forma agregada no espaco urbano com nivel de confianca de 99% e niveis de agregacao espacial semelhantes. Os clusters de domicilios convergiram para 7 favelas ou regioes vizinhas com populacao de maior renda revelando propagacao de eventos. Os hotspots se concentraram em favelas com historico de crimes ligados ao narcotrafico. A incorporacao do espaco na dinâmica dos eventos mostrou que a condicao economica isoladamente nao limitou a vitimizacao.

Traumatismos maxilofaciais como marcadores de violência urbana

Urban violence is a widely discussed topic in various sectors of society, either due to its impact on public health indicators and its influence on the everyday life of individuals or the constant presence of casualties in the health services. This study compares differences in victimization between the genders based on maxillofacial injuries as markers of urban violence. This is a cross-sectional study with data collected in three hospitals of reference for multiple traumatic injuries in Belo Horizonte in the state of Minas Gerais, between January 2008 and December 2010. The analysis included descriptive and multivariate statistics using logistic regression. There were records of 7,063 victims, 55.1% of which involved interpersonal violence. The majority of victims were males (71.2%). Among the male victims, firearm and knife-inflicted aggression and motorcycle accidents were more frequent than aggression without the use of a weapon. Multiple fractures were the type of injury that best characterized the profile of victimization among males compared to soft tissue injuries. Gender is an important factor in victimization resulting in maxillofacial injuries and urban violence, in which males are the main victims.Urban violence is a widely discussed topic in various sectors of society, either due to its impact on public health indicators and its influence on the everyday life of individuals or the constant presence of casualties in the health services. This study compares differences in victimization between the genders based on maxillofacial injuries as markers of urban violence. This is a cross-sectional study with data collected in three hospitals of reference for multiple traumatic injuries in Belo Horizonte in the state of Minas Gerais, between January 2008 and December 2010. The analysis included descriptive and multivariate statistics using logistic regression. There were records of 7,063 victims, 55.1% of which involved interpersonal violence. The majority of victims were males (71.2%). Among the male victims, firearm and knife-inflicted aggression and motorcycle accidents were more frequent than aggression without the use of a weapon. Multiple fractures were the type of injury that best characterized the profile of victimization among males compared to soft tissue injuries. Gender is an important factor in victimization resulting in maxillofacial injuries and urban violence, in which males are the main victims. Language: pt

Maxillofacial injuries as markers of urban violence

Urban violence is a widely discussed topic in various sectors of society, either due to its impact on public health indicators and its influence on the everyday life of individuals or the constant presence of casualties in the health services. This study compares differences in victimization between the genders based on maxillofacial injuries as markers of urban violence. This is a cross-sectional study with data collected in three hospitals of reference for multiple traumatic injuries in Belo Horizonte in the state of Minas Gerais, between January 2008 and December 2010. The analysis included descriptive and multivariate statistics using logistic regression. There were records of 7,063 victims, 55.1% of which involved interpersonal violence. The majority of victims were males (71.2%). Among the male victims, firearm and knife-inflicted aggression and motorcycle accidents were more frequent than aggression without the use of a weapon. Multiple fractures were the type of injury that best characterized the profile of victimization among males compared to soft tissue injuries. Gender is an important factor in victimization resulting in maxillofacial injuries and urban violence, in which males are the main victims.Urban violence is a widely discussed topic in various sectors of society, either due to its impact on public health indicators and its influence on the everyday life of individuals or the constant presence of casualties in the health services. This study compares differences in victimization between the genders based on maxillofacial injuries as markers of urban violence. This is a cross-sectional study with data collected in three hospitals of reference for multiple traumatic injuries in Belo Horizonte in the state of Minas Gerais, between January 2008 and December 2010. The analysis included descriptive and multivariate statistics using logistic regression. There were records of 7,063 victims, 55.1% of which involved interpersonal violence. The majority of victims were males (71.2%). Among the male victims, firearm and knife-inflicted aggression and motorcycle accidents were more frequent than aggression without the use of a weapon. Multiple fractures were the type of injury that best characterized the profile of victimization among males compared to soft tissue injuries. Gender is an important factor in victimization resulting in maxillofacial injuries and urban violence, in which males are the main victims. Language: pt