Carlos Leandro Tiggemann

The Relationship between Running Economy and Biomechanical Variables in Distance Runners.

In this study, we analyzed the relationship between running economy (RE) and biomechanical parameters in a group running at the same relative intensity and same absolute velocity. Sixteen homogeneous male long-distance runners performed a test to determine RE at 4.4 m.s-1, corresponding to 11.1% below velocity at the ventilatory threshold. We found significant correlations between RE and biomechanical variables (vertical oscillation of the center of mass, stride frequency, stride length, balance time, relative stride length, range of elbow motion, internal knee, ankle angles at foot strike, and electromyographic activity of the semitendinosus and rectus femoris muscles). In conclusion, changes in running technique can influence RE and lead to improved running performance.

Perceived exertion in different strength exercise loads in sedentary, active, and trained adults.

Tiggemann, CL, Korzenowski, AL, Brentano, MA, Tartaruga, MP, Alberton, CL, and Kruel, LFM. Perceived exertion in different strength exercise loads in sedentary, active, and trained adults. J Strength Cond Res 24(8): 2032-2041, 2010-The aim was to analyze the relationship between the perceived exertion (PE) and different loads in strength exercises (SEs), in sedentary, active, and trained adult subjects. Thirty young men (18-34 years) were divided into 3 groups (experimental group [EG]): sedentary EG (SEG), physically active group (PAG), and the strength trained group (STG). Maximum strength was established using the 1 repetition maximum test (1RM). Using series of 12 repetitions, different loads were applied until the 4 ratings of PE (RPEs) (11, 13, 15, and 17) from 15 category Borg Perceived Exertion Scale (RPE 6-20). The pace of the repetitions and the intervals between the sets were controlled, the loads were blind, the order of the RPE randomized, whereas the PE was localized and determined after completion of the series. Strength correlations between the RPE and the %1RM, according to the EGs and SEs (0.826-0.922, p < 0.001), were observed. Similar behavior was seen in the SEs. Higher loads are related to higher RPEs and are differentiated between the EGs. The STG used higher %1RM when compared to the SEG, whereas the PAG, displayed an intermediary behavior in relation to the other groups. The use of PE represents a reliable instrument for the measurement of intensity in strength training.

Prevalência de dor nas costas e fatores associados em escolares do Ensino Fundamental do município de Teutônia, Rio Grande do Sul

OBJECTIVES: to determine the prevalence of back pain in elementary school students in the Teutonia school district and examine the association of demographic, behavioral and hereditary factors. METHODS: a cross-section of 743 students was examined in the course of research. The data was collected from a questionnaire composed of questions about back pain over the preceding 3 months as well as demographic, behavioral and hereditary questions, which were then analyzed using multivariate analysis and prevalence ratio (PR) calculations. RESULTS: the prevalence of back pain was 54.1% (n = 402), 17.4% of which reported that the pain made it impossible to carry out common everyday activities. Female students (PR=1.08; p=0.002), students active in physical exercise (PR=1.11; p=0.006) and students whose parents reported back pain (PR=1.19; p=0.001) all had a higher prevalence of back pain. CONCLUSIONS: the findings indicate that the high prevalence of back pain in students can be linked to gender, the practice of physical exercise and heredity. This information can be used in planning posture education programs in the Teutonia public school system.

Respostas de freqüência cardíaca, consumo de oxigênio e sensação subjetiva ao esforço em um exercício de hidroginástica executado por mulheres em diferentes situações com e sem o equipamento aquafins

As aulas de hidroginastica estao cada vez mais diversificadas com o uso de materiais apropriados ao meio aquatico. Entretanto, poucos estudos verificaram a influencia da utilizacao de tais materiais nas respostas cardiorrespiratorias. O objetivo foi analisar as respostas de frequencia cardiaca, consumo de oxigenio e sensacao subjetiva ao esforco em mulheres durante a execucao de um exercicio de hidroginastica em diferentes situacoes com e sem o equipamento resistivo Aquafins®. Onze mulheres realizaram o exercicio deslize frontal com a flexao e extensao horizontal de ombros em quatro situacoes: sem equipamento resistivo (S-FINS), com Aquafins nos membros inferiores (FINS-MIs), com Aquafins nos membros superiores (FINS-MSs) e com Aquafins nos membros superiores e inferiores (FINS-MIs/MSs). Em todas as situacoes foi verificado a FC, o VO2 e a SSE. Utilizou-se ANOVA para medidas repetidas, com post-hoc de Bonferroni (p < 0,05). A FC foi significativamente mais elevada nas situacoes FINS-MIs/MSs (159 ± 12bpm) e FINS-MIs (147 ± 18bpm), comparando-as com as demais situacoes. No entanto, a situacao FINS-MIs apresentou FC similar a FINS-MSs (148 ± 16 bpm). Por sua vez, as tres situacoes com o Aquafins foram diferentes da situacao S-FINS (131 ± 14bpm). Para o VO2 houve diferenca significativa entre a situacao FINS-MIs/MSs (22,77 ± 3,58ml.kg-1.min-1), comparando-a com as demais. As situacoes FINS-MSs (19,67 ± 4,29ml.kg-1.min-1) e FINS-MIs (20,38 ± 3,99ml.kg-1.min-1) apresentaram VO2 significativamente maior que S-FINS (15,18 ± 4,67ml.kg-1.min-1). A SSE foi significativamente maior na situacao FINS-MIs/MSs (16 ± 1,55), comparando-a com FINS-MIs (14 ± 0,9) e S-FINS (13 ± 1,29), entretanto, nao foi diferente da FINS-MSs (14 ± 1,57). Portanto, a utilizacao de equipamentos que promovam resistencia ao movimento na hidroginastica e indicada para melhorias no sistema cardiorrespiratorio.

Prevalência de hábitos posturais inadequados de escolares do Ensino Fundamental da cidade de Teutônia: um estudo de base populacional

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a prevalencia de habitos posturais inadequados de escolares do Ensino Fundamental da cidade de Teutonia, estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, a partir de um estudo de base populacional. Os 1597 escolares participantes responderam o questionario autoaplicavel denominado Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument (BackPEI). Os resultados demonstraram alta prevalencia de habitos posturais inadequados nas seguintes posturas: sentar para escrever e para utilizar o computador, sentar em um banco, alem de pegar objeto do solo. Verificou-se tambem que os escolares permanecem por muito tempo na posicao sentada em frente ao computador e a televisao, e nao dormem a quantidade de horas necessaria por dia. Estudos desta natureza podem subsidiar o trabalho preventivo dos professores de Educacao Fisica, no ambiente escolar.

The reliability of the one maximum repetition in sedentary, active and strength-trained subjects

Abstract: The aim of the study was to verify the reliability of one maximum repetition (1-RM) in three different groups, according levels of physical fitness. The sample was composed for thirty subjects (aged 18 to 34 years old) divided in three groups with ten subjects each: sedentary (SG), physical active (PAG) and strength-trained (STG). The subjects were submitted to two familiarization sessions and two sessions of maximum strength test (1-RM1 and 1-RM2) at the following exercises: bench press and 45o leg press. The comparison between 1-RM values was made by two-way ANOVA (test and group) and association between both by intraclass coefficient correlation (p ≤ 0.05). Data presented high correlation values between both tests (from 0.922 to 0.997; p < 0.001), however, significant differences (p < 0.05) was observed between 1-RM1 and 1-RM2 at bench press exercise in SG (56.40 ± 8.00 kg e 57.60 ± 7.89 kg, respectively), PAG (68,80 ± 9,26 kg e 69,40 ± 8,78 kg, respectively) and STG (87.20 ± 19.94 kg e 88.60 ± 19.86 kg, respectively), as well in the leg press in SG (222,5 ± 38,24 kg e 229,50 ± 38,55 kg, respectively), PAG (238.50 ± 26.25 kg e 244.00 ± 24.70, respectively) and STG (321.50 ± 46.19 kg e 336.40 ± 40.44 kg, respectively). It can be concluded that the subject’s level of physical fitness does not appear to be a critical behavior at 1-RM reliability.

Comparação da força e capacidade funcional entre idosos praticantes de musculação, hidroginástica e não praticantes de exercícios físicos

INTRODUCTION: Changes in strength and functional capacity due to aging can be improved through physical exercises practice such as strength training and hydrogymnastics. OBJECTIVE: To compare the strength and functional capacity among elderly individuals who practice strength training, hydrogymnastics and non-practitioners of physical exercises. METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional study with voluntary non-probability sampling. The study included 36 elderly (63.6±4.1 years): 12 strength training practitioners, 12 hydrogymnastics practitioners and 12 non-practitioners of physical exercises. The level of physical activity was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The maximum force was performed by the one maximum repetition test (1RM) in upper and lower limbs. Functional capacity was evaluated by tests of rising from a chair in 30 seconds and usual maximum walking speed. One Way ANOVA test with post hoc Bonferroni was used to compare the dependent variables between the groups with α= 0.05. RESULTS: All groups were classified as active. The strength training group had the highest values of maximum strength when compared to hydrogymnastics group and non-practitioners of physical exercises (p≤0.01). In addition, hydrogymnastics practitioners and non-practitioners of physical exercises groups showed no differences in maximum strength (p=1.0). As for the chair lifting test, no differences were observed between groups (p=0.07) and the same was observed in habitual (p=0,06) and maximum (p=0,22) walking speed test. CONCLUSION: The strength training was more effective for increasing strength, but active lifestyle is sufficient to maintain functional capacity.

PERFIL DA APTIDÃO FÍSICA, DO ESTADO NUTRICIONAL E DO NÍVEL DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA DE CRIANÇAS DE ESCOLAS MUNICIPAIS DA CIDADE DE VENÂNCIO AIRES-RS

O estudo tem como objetivo identificar o perfil da aptidao fisica, do estado nutricional e do nivel de atividade fisica de criancas de escolas municipais da cidade de Venâncio Aires-RS. Participaram do estudo 89 escolares da rede municipal da cidade de Venâncio Aires, tendo a faixa etaria de 8 a 13 anos. Foram realizados os testes de aptidao fisica relacionados a saude e o do estado nutricional, utilizando a bateria de teste do PROESP-Br e aplicado o questionario de atividade fisica. Os resultados encontrados nos indicam que 70,8% dos escolares estao classificados na zona saudavel na variavel referente ao indice de massa corporal, 46,1% na flexibilidade, 40,4% na resistencia abdominal, 56,2% na resistencia aerobica e 44,2% classificados como ativos. Baseado nos resultados de nosso estudo podemos concluir que a maioria dos escolares nao apresentam niveis adequados de aptidao fisica relacionados a saude e de atividade fisica.

Avaliação da intensidade do treinamento técnico-tático e da fadiga causada em jogadores de futebol da categoria sub-20

Since the current soccer calendar does not provide a timely fashion for proper recovery of athletes, fatigue and recovery have been extensively studied by researchers. What led to the emergence of some instruments for the purpose of provide information and give support to the professionals seeking high performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the intensity of technical-tactical training and fatigue caused in U20 soccer players, through the performance in the lower limbs and session RPE. Players (n = 25) performed the countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) and horizontal (HJ), before and after a technical-tactical training session (TTT), with the intensity being measured by Borg Scale (CR 10). The CMJ did not show significant difference (p >; 0.05), whereas HJ was higher in the post-TTT compared to pre-TTT (p = 0.02). As for session RPE, 92% of players rated the intensity of the TTT as easy to moderate. The results of this study indicate that TTT low intensity does not compromise the power in testing vertical and horizontal jump. It is suggested that besides providing an operationalization of tactical patterns of collective behavior, TTT low intensity training can be used in regenerative or character moments in the sports calendar does not enable complete recovery of players.

Correlation and reproducibility testing abdominals in young women

The purpose of this study was to investigate possible correlations between the values of 1 minute abdominal tests, 2 minutes with bench, a repetition maximum, a repe- tition maximum with 70% of 1RM and maximum voluntary isometric contraction test and then, to verify the reproducibility of them in young women. The study was composed by 15 trained women (26.22 ± 4.67 ages). The tests were randomly performed in different days with minimum of 48 hours of interval between collections. After of 7-10 days interval, the tests were performed again. The present results suggested it is possible to conclude that abdominal tests present a good capacity of reproducibility. Besides this, the 1min and 2min tests have presented a good relation with the maximum strength test (1RM), however the maximum voluntary isometric contraction and repetition maximum with 70% of 1RM tests did not presented any correlation with the other tests.The purpose of this study was to investigate possible correlations between the values of 1 minute abdominal tests, 2 minutes with bench, a repetition maximum, a repetition maximum with 70% of 1RM and maximum voluntary isometric contraction test and then, to verify the reproducibility of them in young women. The study was composed by 15 trained women (26.22 ± 4.67 ages). The tests were randomly performed in different days with minimum of 48 hours of interval between collections. After of 7-10 days interval, the tests were performed again. The present results suggested it is possible to conclude that abdominal tests present a good capacity of reproducibility. Besides this, the 1min and 2min tests have presented a good relation with the maximum strength test (1RM), however the maximum voluntary isometric contraction and repetition maximum with 70% of 1RM tests did not presented any correlation with the other tests.