Carlos Muñiz

Recepción e impacto socio-cognitivo de las noticias sobre inmigración

Resumen Se ha sugerido que un factor explicativo del rechazo hacia la inmigración es la actuación de los medios de comunicación. Sin embargo, son escasas las investigaciones sobre la recepción e impacto de las noticias sobre inmigración. En este artículo se presenta un estudio experimental sobre los efectos socio-cognitivos de las noticias sobre inmigración. En la investigación participaron 186 estudiantes universitarios. La noticia experimental entregaba información sobre el incremento de la inmigración en España: a) aludiéndose a las consecuencias positivas (contribución económica) o negativas (incremento de la delincuencia); y, b) incluyéndose información sobre el origen de los inmigrantes (latinoamericano versus marroquí). Los resultados mostraron que el tipo de encuadre noticioso enfatizado en la noticia ejercía efectos socio-cognitivos significativos. También se observó un efecto diferencial de la noticia en función del origen de los inmigrantes protagonistas.

The impact of narcoterrorism on HRM systems

This paper presents a study on the emergence of human resource management (HRM) systems in a narcoterrorism context based on a mixed-method approach. We conducted 40 interviews at 24 firms in Mexico to explore emerging HRM systems in narcoterrorism environments. The interviews were complemented with a quantitative content analysis of 204 news stories to explore the direct and indirect impacts of narcoterrorism on firms. Our analysis of firms’ responses with respect to HRM systems, which is supported by our quantitative analysis on the impacts of narcoterrorism, indicates that trust appears to shape HRM systems. We identified an adaptation strategy to design HRM systems based on a combination of strict employee’s screening and control an emphasis on humanistic practices such as soft-skills training and development, and a flexible work schedule, which appears to facilitate the development of trust in narcoterrorism environments. Identifying the similarities of objects and issues in the narcoterrorism context can help develop an understanding of this local phenomenon, with implications for the HRM and terrorism literatures on a global scale. Our findings highlight the importance of reinforcing values such as trust, openness, involvement and participation to develop a strong HRM system to adapt to narcoterrorism environments.

Entrepreneurs’ Responses to Crime-Entrepreneurs in Mexico

Organized crime and violence are among the most difficult challenges faced by entrepreneurs in Latin America (Latinobarometro, 2013). Entrepreneurs who develop new products, services and techniques (Smith, 2009) are confronted by crime-entrepreneurs (van Duyne, 1999), or violent entrepreneurs, in other words “groups and organizations that specialize in the use of force to make money” (Volkov, 2002, p. 27). Volkov’s (2002) research underlines the consequences of a rapidly changing society suffering from the disruption of its normative order. Rapid changes, such as increases in violent and criminal acts, have economic and business development implications for entrepreneurs in Latin America. For example, Sutter and colleagues (2013) found in Guatemala City that entrepreneurs’ responses to violent and criminal acts include payment or fight-back to crime-entrepreneurs. Alternatively, some entrepreneurs went out of the market or altered their business models (Sutter, Webb, Kistruck, and Bailey, 2013).

Los efectos de la comunicación política en el compromiso político de los jóvenes en la elección presidencial mexicana de 2012

Do modern forms of political communication generate political engagement or rather political disaffection among young citizens? While media malaise theories argue that media and campaigns messages have a negative impact on citizens’ political involvement, cognitive mobilization theories contend that the effects of such messages on political engagement is rather positive. This article analyzes the effects that media and campaign messages had on civic engagement of young people during the 2012 Mexican presidential election in the light of mobilization and media malaise theories, by using multiple regression analysis with data from the National Survey of Political Culture of the Youth 2012. In general, the results of the analysis lend more support to the mobilization theories than to theories of media malaise.

La orientación política del periódico y su influencia en la presencia de encuadres y asuntos dentro de las noticias

Las investigaciones sobre el papel de la orientacion politica de los periodicos en los contenidos son escasas. En este articulo se busco explorar la significatividad de esta variable mediante la comparacion del tratamiento y prominencia del asunto de la Iniciativa Merida en tres periodicos mexicanos de diferente orientacion politica. Para esto, se identificaron los encuadres en las notas mediante un analisis de conglomerados jerarquico y se compararon la prominencia del asunto, la presencia de elementos de encuadres y la presencia de encuadres. Se hallaron diferencias significativas en los temas, las atribuciones causales, las evaluaciones morales y los encuadres que pueden atribuirse al papel de la orientacion politica. Asimismo, la cantidad de notas sobre el asunto y las menciones de actores en los periodicos de diferente orientacion politica fueron similares.

Engagement of politicians and citizens in the cyber campaign on Facebook: a comparative analysis between Mexico and Spain

ABSTRACT This study explores the use of Facebook by political actors in election campaigns, establishing the extent to which candidates, parties and citizens engaged in online participation through different online tools provided by this social networking site. A comparative content analysis of the Facebook pages of the main candidacies in the election campaigns in Spain (Castilla y León) and Mexico (Nuevo León) in 2015 was carried out. The results reveal a positive relationship between types of engagement, especially in the Mexican campaign, where politicians and users score systematically higher in all variables measuring engagement. However, results also indicate that the citizen engagement was of higher quality/intensity in the Spanish campaign.

Political sophistication as a mediator in the relation between media consumption and citizen participation. Evidence from the O-S-R-O-R model

espanolEl ejercicio de una participacion activa y efectiva por parte de los ciudadanos constituye una de las principales manifestaciones de la existencia de una democracia solida y saludable. Se ha comprobado que el consumo mediatico es uno de los factores que pueden influir en la expresion de esta participacion. Desde el Modelo de Medicacion Comunicativa (O-S-R-O-R) se plantea el efecto indirecto que la exposicion a los mensajes mediaticos tiene en la participacion ciudadana, a traves del desarrollo de orientaciones posteriores al consumo y razonamiento del mensaje. Entre estas orientaciones potenciadas por los medios se encuentra la sofisticacion politica, comprendida como el nivel de conocimiento sobre el sistema politico (factual) o las propuestas de campana (electoral) alcanzado por el ciudadano ante la exposicion al medio de comunicacion. Con el objetivo de determinar su efecto mediador en el aumento de la participacion ciudadana, se realizo una encuesta analitica en el estado de Nuevo Leon, Mexico, con posterioridad a las elecciones a gobernador de 2015. Los resultados reflejan el papel mediador jugado por la sofisticacion politica factual en la explicacion de la participacion politica offline y la participacion civica de los encuestados. Sin embargo, la sofisticacion politica electoral funciono mejor para lograr un efecto indirecto sobre la participacion politica online. EnglishActive and effective citizen political participation is one of the main manifestations of the existence of a healthy and well consolidated democracy. It has been found that media consumption is a significant predictor for the development of this civic participation. The Communication Mediation Model (O-S-R-O-R) set out an indirect effect that exposure to media messages have on citizen participation, by means of the development of orientations subsequent to consumption and reasoning of the message. Political sophistication is among these orientations promoted by the media, understood as the general level of knowledge on the political system (factual) or the (electoral) campaign acquired by the citizens under media exposure. With the objective of determining its mediating effect on the increase of citizen participation, an analytical survey was conducted in the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico, right after the 2015 gubernatorial elections. Findings reflect a mediating role played by factual political sophistication in explaining offline political and civic participation. However, electoral political sophistication worked better to achieve an indirect effect on online political participation.