Carlos Pedro Boechat Soares

Caracterização morfométrica da bacia hidrográfica do rio Debossan, Nova Friburgo, RJ

The objective of this work was to perform a morphometric characterization based on some physical parameters. In order to do so, a Hydrologically Consistent Digital Elevation Model (HCDEM) was generated from IBGE topographical maps, scale 1:50.000, using as database and analysis the system of geographic information, by means of the ArcVIEW and Arc/INFO version 8.3 systems. From this, some morphometric parameters of a previous study on the hydrologic behavior of the watershed were calculated. The drainage area was 9,9156 Km2 and 17,684 km in perimeter. The Debossan river watershed was proven not easily subject to floods as the compacity coefficient was far from the unit (1.5842) and its shape factor presented a low value (0.3285). Such fact can still be proven by the circularity index value (0.3985). The drainage density was 2,3579 Km/Km2, showing that the watershed has average draining capacity. The drainage system forms a dendritic pattern. This pattern occurs in high lands, in which the regolith and the parent rock relatively provide a uniform resistance to erosion. The more elongated watershed shape, as the circularity index, shape factor and compacity coefficient, indicates that the rainwater volume that falls within the watershed is concentrated in different points, contributing to reduce rain intensities that could cause greater flow variations.

Quantificação do estoque de carbono e avaliação econômica de diferentes alternativas de manejo em um plantio de eucalipto

Este estudo teve por objetivos: quantificar o estoque de madeira para a producao de carvao e serraria em uma floresta de eucalipto; quantificar o estoque de carbono nos diferentes compartimentos da floresta; e avaliar economicamente alternativas de manejo, com vista a insercao de povoamentos florestais no mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo e na venda de creditos de carbono. Para isso, realizou-se um inventario florestal em uma plantacao de Eucalyptus grandis, com 6 anos de idade, no Municipio de Vicosa, Minas Gerais. Apos as analises, verificou-se que: a) o fuste e o componente da arvore que mais contribui, em media, para o total de carbono da parte aerea (81,84%), seguido por casca (8,05%), galhos (7,74%) e folhas (2,57%); b) 47,7 toneladas de carbono por hectare estao estocadas na parte aerea das arvores; 14,71 nas raizes e 8,72 na manta orgânica, totalizando 71,13 toneladas de carbono por hectare; c) a producao de madeira somente para a venda de creditos de carbono, sem considerar o seu uso final, e economicamente viavel, segundo criterios quantitativos de avaliacao do projeto, se a tonelada de carbono for comercializada a precos maiores que US

Quantificação de biomassa e geração de certificados de emissões reduzidas no consórcio seringueira-cacau

10,07; e d) a venda de creditos de carbono torna o empreendimento ainda mais atrativo economicamente, sobretudo porque a receita e auferida no inicio do projeto.

Avaliação e compação de métodos de classificação de imagens de satélites para o mapeamento de estádios de sucessão florestal

The objective of this work were to quantify plant biomass and analyze the potential for generating Emission Reduction Certificates (ERCs) of 34-year-old rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis M.Arg) intercropped with 6-year-old cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). The experiment was conducted on the farms Fazendas Reunidas Vale do Juliana, Igrapiuna, BA. Tree biomass quantification was carried out using the direct destructive method by harvesting five rubber trees and ten cocoa trees, in an area of 2.2 ha. Litter biomass was quantified by collecting material from the ground. Total carbon storage in rubber - cacao intercropping was 91.5 Mg C ha-1. Of this, 84.7 Mg C ha-1 were stored in rubber trees, 5.22 Mg C ha-1 in cacao trees and 1.67 Mg C ha-1 in the litter. The amount of carbon found in the intercropping corresponds to 336 Mg CO2eq. ha-1, equivalent to 336 CERs ha-1. The rubber-cacao intercropping has carbon stock capacity, and can greatly contribute to the reduction of the greenhouse effect gases, being a promising activity to generate programs to obtain carbon credits.

Projeção do estoque de carbono e análise da geração de créditos em povoamentos de eucalipto

Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar as imagens orbitais fornecidas pelos satelites CBERS-2, IRS-P6 e Quickbird para o mapeamento dos estadios de sucessao florestal, utilizando-se diferentes metodos de classificacao de imagens digitais. A area de estudo incluiu as reservas de floresta nativa pertencentes ao projeto florestal Macedonia, localizado nos Municipios de Bugre e Ipaba, entre os paralelos 19o1900S e 19o2430S e os meridianos 42o2700W e 42o2100W, Estado de Minas Gerais. Foram utilizadas as classificacoes visual, por pixel e por regioes. Para fins de avaliacao da fidedignidade da classificacao de cada metodo, de forma particular, foi gerada a matriz de erros e calculado o indice Kappa. Para testar a significância estatistica da diferenca entre dois indices Kappa, foi utilizado o teste Z. De maneira geral, os melhores resultados foram as classificacoes obtidas nos metodos por regioes e visual, apresentando valores de Kappa mais elevados que as classificacoes por pixel; a imagem resultante da fusao da imagem IRS com a CBERS, classificada pelo metodo de regioes, obteve o melhor indice Kappa, estando dentro do nivel considerado como bom. Os problemas de separacao entre as classes resultaram em classificacoes com baixo nivel de exatidao, o que pode ser explicado pela semelhanca espectral entre os alvos (estadios inicial, medio e avancado de sucessao florestal), pequena variacao entre os valores numericos dos pixels, existencia de sobreposicao entre classes e baixa resolucao espectral dos sensores.

Crescimento de plantios clonais de eucalipto não desbastados na região de Monte Dourado (PA)

The objectives of this study were to predict volumetric yield and carbon stock in the stems of eucalypt plantation trees, as well as to economically evaluate the inclusion of the Reduced Emission Certificates (RECs) in forest projects by quantitative criteria. Thus, data from Eucalyptus grandis stands, located in Guanhaes-Minas Gerais, were used. Based on the volume and carbon equations for the stems of individual trees and for 95 permanent plots, Clutter growth and production model (1983) were adjusted for volumetric production and carbon stock projection. After analysis, it was verified that: a) the growth and yield model proposed by Clutter (1983) provided technical cutting ages according to the productivity capacity of the stands, both for volumetric yield and carbon stock; b) the technical cutting ages (TCAs) were practically the same, considering the volumetric and carbon stocks; c) the economic rotations were greater than the technical cutting age in sites with low and average productivity (S = 20 and S = 26), regardless of the inclusion or not of the CERs in the analysis; d) the CERs contributed to the economic viability of the forest projects in low productivity sites, considering the budgets for the establishment of the projects; e) in the sensitivity analysis, the item wood price had the greatest influence on the economic viability of the projects. In contrast, the Reduced Emission Certificates (RECs) had little influence.

Caracterização hidroambiental da bacia Hidrográfica do rio Debossan, nova friburgo, rj

The objective of the present work was to analyze the behavior of stand variables such as basal area, volume, height and tree number per hectare over time. For this purpose, experiments used data from permanent forest inventory of unthinned clonal plantations of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla hybrids, from JARI CELULOSE, Para, Brazil. A total of 63 permanent plots were selected and equally distributed in three productivity classes. The analysis confirmed that the stands variables showed direct relationship with the site, with different growth rates over time; the number of survivor trees is larger in sites with higher productivity in the first years after planting. However, in the best sites, there is a higher mortality with time, inverting this behavior.

Estimação do volume de árvores de clones de eucalipto pelo método da similaridade de perfis

The objective of this work was to characterize the hydrological behavior and the volume of water entering and leaving the Debossan river watershed, where an important water captation plant is situated, managed by the Nova Friburgo Water and Sewage Treatment Company LTDA (CAENF), within the Macae de Cima Ecological Reserve, Nova Friburgo-RJ. Data of daily flow and precipitation were collected from January/2002 to December/2004. Starting from these data, some hydrological parameters were calculated, such as specific flow and flow. The average rainfall for the period was 2,163.66 mm, being that the months december/2002 and january/2003 presented the greatest values. The annual average flow for the period was 0.86 m3/s, with December/2002 having the highest index and September/2004 the lowest. The average annual hydrological balance for the three years of measurements showed 1.923,04 mm of evapotranspiration, which was 88% of the conventional precipitation. This shows that the forest ecosystem works like a buffer effect on the amount of watershed water, keeping water in the months of higher rainfall and releasing it in the months of less rainfall. Analyzing the relation between the water entering in the watershed, the current use of the soil, and the amount of produced water, it was concluded that a well-preserved watershed is crucial to keep the flow constant during the year, besides the evident participation in the water quality.

GROWTH AND YIELD MODELS FOR YOUNG STANDS OF Tectona grandis IN TANGARÁ DA SERRA, MATOGROSSO, BRAZIL

RESUMO ‐ Os objetivos deste trabalho foram desenvolver e propor um procedimento para quantificacao do volume de arvores em plantios clonais de eucalipto nao desbastados. Para quantificar o volume de arvores, foram utilizados dados de 2.036 arvores de clones comerciais de eucalipto pertencentes a empresa CAF Santa Barbara, onde foram ajustadas as equacoes de volume de cada estrato, sendo este determinado pela regiao e pelo clone, e as idades dos clones variaram de 4 a 5 anos. Para cada arvore foi ajustado um modelo de afilamento. Posteriormente, foram realizados abates de tres arvores de clones novos, que nao possuiam equacao de volume especifica, sendo uma arvore “pequena”, uma “media” e uma “grande” em termos de dap e altura total. Com as tres arvores cubadas, foi ajustado o modelo de afilamento, considerando-se as tres arvores. De posse das estimativas dos parâmetros, foi calculada uma medida de similaridade com os parâmetros das equacoes de afilamento ajustadas para as 2.036 arvores dos clones comerciais e o parâmetro da equacao do clone novo. A arvore do clone comercial que apresentou o menor valor de distância euclidiana, em comparacao com o clone novo, foi considerada a mais similar; portanto, a equacao de volume desse clone comercial foi usada para estimar o volume de arvores desse novo clone. Tal procedimento foi denominado metodo da similaridade de perfis. Esse metodo pode ser usado para estimar volume de arvores dos clones que nao tem equacoes especificas, gerando estimativas semelhantes ao comparar dados observados e estimados, tanto de arvores individuais quanto de todo um talhao.

Análise documental e de consistência técnica de planos de manejo florestal em áreas de formações florestais, no Estado de Minas Gerais

The objective of this study was to adjust and evaluate growth and yield models for young stands of Tectona grandis (aged less than 6 years), located in Tangara da Serra, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Thus, 50 permanent plots with at least five successive measurements were used. After the analysis, it was verified that the alternative model is more precise than the Clutters model.