Carlos Ricardo Soccol

Acid and enzymatic hydrolysis to recover reducing sugars from cassava bagasse: an economic study

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a hidrolise acida e enzimatica do bagaco de mandioca relacionando a eficiencia de recuperacao de acucar redutor com os custos de operacao. As condicoes de operacao de ambos os processos foram otimizados usando o programa de analise de dados Statistica, baseado em superficie de resposta. O estudo economico foi feito tomando-se por base os valores de acucar redutor obtidos nas hidrolises em escala de laboratorio, e os custos de operacao foram calculados para um reator de escala industrial com volume util de 1500 L, de paredes laterais cilindricas, e planas no topo e no fundo. O reator pode operar com 136 kg de bagaco e 1360 kg de agua. Para o calculo do gasto de energia foram considerados os calores necessarios para aquecer o material e o calor necessario para manter a temperatura do reator em cada etapa do processo.Os custos com produtos quimicos foram considerados, e tambem o tempo de reacao, que mostrou ser um ponto muito importante na definicao da viabilidade do processo. O rendimento da hidrolise acida foi 62.35 g de acucar redutor a partir de 100 g of bagaco de mandioca com 66% de amido residual. Isto representa 94.5% de acucar redutor recuperado. O rendimento da hidrolise enzimatica foi de 77.1 g de acucar redutor a partir de 120 g de bagaco de mandioca com 66% de amido residual, representando 97.3% recuperacao de acucar redutor.Em relacao ao tempo, uma batelada da hidrolise acida gasta 10 minutos, mais o tempo para aquecer e resfriar o reator, e uma batelada da hidrolise enzimatica precisa de 25 horas e 20 minutos, mais o tempo para aquecer e resfriar o reator Quanto aos custos operacionais com produtos quimicos e energia, a hidrolise acida de 150 kg de bagaco de mandioca, custa US

Study of the influence of sporulation conditions on heat resistance of Geobacillus stearothermophilus used in the development of biological indicators for steam sterilization

34.27, e a hidrolise enzimatica da mesma quantidade de bagaco de mandioca custa US

Bioindicator production with Bacillus atrophaeus ’ thermal-resistant spores cultivated by solid-state fermentation

2470.99.

Alternative invitro propagation: use of sugarcane bagasse as a low cost support material during rooting stage of strawberry cv. Dover

Biological indicators are important tools in infection control via sterilization process monitoring. The use of a standardized spore crop with a well-defined heat resistance will guarantee the quality of a biological indicator. Ambient factors during sporulation can affect spore characteristics and properties, including heat resistance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the main sporulation factors responsible for heat resistance in Geobacillus stearothermophilus, a useful biological indicator for steam sterilization. A sequence of a three-step optimization of variables (initial pH, nutrient concentration, tryptone, peptone, beef extract, yeast extract, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride and potassium phosphate) was carried out to screen those that have a significant influence on heat resistance of produced spores. The variable exerting greatest influence on G. stearothermophilus heat resistance during sporulation was found to be the initial pH. Lower nutrient concentration and alkaline pH around 8.5 tended to enhance decimal reduction time at 121xa0°C (D121°C). A central composite design enabled a fourfold enhancement in heat resistance, and the model obtained accurately describes positive pH and negative manganese sulfate concentration influence on spore heat resistance.

Optimization of Agaricus blazei laccase production by submerged cultivation with sugarcane molasses.

Bacillus atrophaeus’ spores are used in the preparation of bioindicators to monitor the dry heat, ethylene oxide, and plasma sterilization processes and in tests to assess sterilizing products. Earlier production methods involved culture in chemically defined medium to support sporulation with the disadvantage of requiring an extended period of time (14xa0days) besides high cost of substrates. The effect of cultivation conditions by solid-state fermentation (SSF) was investigated aiming at improving the cost–productivity relation. Initial SSF parameters such as the type of substrate were tested. Process optimization was carried out using factorial experimental designs and response surface methodology in which the influence of different variables—particle size, moisture content, incubation time, pH, inoculum size, calcium sources, and medium composition—was studied. The results have suggested that soybean molasses and sugarcane bagasse are potential substrate and support, respectively, contributing to a 5-day reduction in incubation time. Variables which presented significant effects and optimum values were mean particle size (1.0xa0mm), moisture content (93%), initial substrate pH (8.0), and water as a solution base. The high-yield spore production was about 3 logs higher than the control and no significant difference in dry heat resistance was observed.

Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assessment of a phytocosmetic produced with glycinin peptides

Para a obtencao de mudas (material vegetal) sadias de especies de cafe em maior quantidade e em tempo reduzido, utiliza-se a tecnica de micropropagacao vegetal. Essa tecnica e realizada em diferentes etapas, desde o isolamento ate o transporte para extra vitro. Cada etapa demanda tempo e gera custos onerosos, sendo ainda necessario otimizar o rendimento. Para melhorar o processo total e essencial que cada etapa colabore com o maximo de rendimento, no menor tempo e com o menor custo possivel. Este trabalho teve como focos as etapas de enraizamento e de aclimatizacao com as seguintes mudancas previstas: o enraizamento destes micro-tecidos propagados em meio de cultura modificado (substituicao do meio semi-solido por bagaco de mandioca e/ou bagaco de cana-de-acucar) e a sua facil aclimatizacao (permanencia de curto tempo nas condicoes de aclimatizacao e a rapida formacao de torrao para facilitar a transferencia das mudas). Comparando os resultados obtidos utilizando-se meio alternativo em relacao ao meio comercial (contendo Gelrite), observou-se que, no meio contendo mistura de bagaco de mandioca e bagaco de cana-de-acucar (20:80), o tamanho das raizes foi em media 20,4% superior, o tamanho da planta foi 10,9% superior, o numero de folhas foi 26% superior e o numero de raizes formadas foi 8% superior. Em relacao a porcentagem de enraizamento, o meio com substrato alternativo apresentou 80% e o meio comercial apresentou 66,67% de exito. Nos testes de aclimatizacao foi obtida uma sobrevivencia de 100% para os dois tipos de meio, entretanto houve uma pequena diferenca em relacao aos numeros de folhas geradas.

a-Amylases from Microbial Sources - An Overview on Recent Developments

Laccases are copper polyphenol oxidases that are interesting for several applications such as in the food industry, sewage treatment and decolorization. The use of agro-industrial byproducts allows bioprocesses development for the production of large quantities at viable cost enzymes. In this study, the laccase production of Agaricus blazei was optimized in submerged cultivation (SmC). First, the following agro-industrial substrates were evaluated: sugarcane molasses, soybean molasses, coffee husks, soybean husks and pellet citrus pulp; and then these nitrogen sources: urea, ammonium sulfate, yeast extract. For the optimization of laccase production, a Plackett-Burman and 2(4-1) incomplete factorial designs were used to evaluate the effect of KH2PO4, MgSO4, KCl, FeSO4, ZnSO4 and the ethanol on laccase activity, and for the optimization of sugarcane molasses, urea, MgSO4 and ethanol concentrations. Finally, laccase production kinetics was determined. The best substrate for laccase production by A. blazei was sugarcane molasses. After optimization, it was found that laccase activity of 9635 U/L was obtained in medium with sugarcane molasses (6 g/L), urea (1.5 g/L), MgSO4 (12 mM), ethanol (1.2 mM ) at 28°C and pH 8.0 during 10 days of cultivation. The results indicate that sugarcane molasses is a promising substrate for A. blazei laccase production. n n xa0 n n Key words: Agaricus brasiliensis, Agaricus subrufescens, laccase, manganese peroxidase, sugarcane molasses.

Jackfruit Seed - A Novel Substrate for the Production of Monascus Pigments through Solid-State Fermentation

INTRODUCTION: Phytocosmetic are gaining nincreasing attention from consumers who search for alternatives for the nmaintenance and protection of the skin. This article reports formulation of a nphytocosmetic derived from defatted soybean flour, an emulsion base that is hydrolyzed nfrom the glycinin protein (1000 µg/ g). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Test for stability, microbiological ncontrol and biological activities,antimicrobial (agar diffusion method), nantioxidant (method of ABTS/TEAC radicals) and anti-inflammatory (method of nhyaluronidase enzyme) properties were condusted. RESULTS: Indicated that the nphytocosmetic was stable and had low indices of microorganisms, according to nResolution 481/99. The bioactivity of the glycinin peptides was not altered or nharmed by the other components of the emulsion. For the antimicrobial activity, nthe bacteria E. coli, S. aureus nand P. acnes had values of 30.5 mm, n28 mm and 25 mm halos, respectively. For the antioxidant activity, the result nwas of 25.1 TEAC and the anti-inflammatory activity was measured at 83.4% inhibition of hyaluronidase enzyme. CONCLUSION: The study showed that the formulated phytocosmetic has great npotential for topical use, it is comparable to other anti-aging cosmetics for ndaily skin care with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial nproperties.