Carmen Escribano

Digitally continuous multivalued functions

We introduce in this paper a notion of continuity in digital spaces which extends the usual notion of digital continuity. Our approach uses multivalued maps. We show how the multivalued approach provides a better framework to define topological notions, like retractions, in a far more realistic way than by using just single-valued digitally continuous functions. In particular, we characterize the deletion of simple points, one of the most important processing operations in digital topology, as a particular kind of retraction.

Reading Acquisition in Monolingual Spanish- Speaking First Grade Children

The first aim of the current study was to identify the relative contribution of several theoretically relevant skills in accounting for variance in both word reading and reading comprehension in a normal sample of one-hundred Spanish-speaking children in first grade (average age of 6 years and 10 months; 47 boys; 53 girls). In hierarchical regression analyses, we showed that there is dissociation between the skills that account for variance in word reading, and those that account for variance in reading comprehension. Significant variance in reading comprehension depends on measures of word identification-decoding, rapid naming, and vocabulary. By contrast, word reading ability was best explained by measures of phonological awareness and vocabulary. The second aim was to explore the double-deficit hypothesis. Four groups were formed on the basis of their performance in rapid naming and phonological awareness. The doubledeficit subgroup (slow naming speed and low phonological awareness) showed marked difficulties in a range of reading tasks, including reading comprehension. The phonological awareness deficit subgroup showed weaker word decoding skills than did the namingspeed deficit and the no-deficit subgroups. Fewer differences were shown between the naming-speed deficit and the no-deficit subgroups. Implications for early literacy learning and for diagnosis and intervention are discussed.

Deletion of (26,6)-simple points as multivalued retractions

In a recent paper we have introduced a notion of multivalued continuity in digital spaces which extends the usual notion of digital continuity and allows to define topological notions, like retractions, in a far more realistic way than by using just single-valued digitally continuous functions. In particular, we have characterized the deletion of simple points in 2-D, one of the most important processing operations in digital topology, as a particular kind of retraction. In this work we extend some of these results to 3-dimensional digital sets.

An Intelligent Engine for the Generation of Adaptive Tutorials

The goal of this work is the design and construction of adaptive tutorials based on the application of algorithms for the automatic resolution of problems which can be used to automatically generate texts of a formative character, practical exercises or tests and to evaluate them.