Carol E. Pollard

The Changing Face of Information System Issues in Small Firms

CAROL E. POLLARD IS WITH THE FACULTY OF Management, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and Stephen C. Hayne is with the School of Management, Arizona State University West, Phoenix, USA. This study provides insights into the information technology concerns of small firms and indicates ways in which small firms are managing technological challenges and opportunities. A national survey of small Canadian firms was conducted using a modified Delphi technique and follow-up telephone interviews. (ritical information systems issuies identified include 1) using IS for competitive advantages; 2) improving IS project management practices; 3) improving the effectiveness of software development. A comparison with recent sttudies to identify recent trends in IS issues reveals that the issues faced by small Caniadian firms have changed. Small firms are lagging large firms where the technology is concerned but are similar on conceptual issues. We believe that small firms will continue to desire more internal control over operations ancl consequently adopt more technology. Hardware and software qualitx and reliability will stay at the forefront of their worries. Furthermore, as conmmunications become more mission critical, i.e. electronic mail and electronic data interchanige, small firms will embrace network technologx. Managing communications max become a very critical problem for small business.

A comparative analysis of critical issues facing Canadian information systems personnel: a national and global perspective

A survey was conducted of 157 Canadian Information Systems (IS) personnel in organizations throughout Canada using a modified Delphi technique and follow-up interviews to identify the perceived critical issues in IS during the following 5 years. The important issues included: (1) building a responsive IT infrastructure; (2) improving IS project management practices and (3) planning and managing communication networks. Significant differences in the rating of the importance of these issues were reported between IS executives and non-management IS personnel. Qualitative data collected in 35 follow-up interviews provided some interesting insights into the rationale behind the ratings. The top 10 issues were compared to rankings previously reported in Canada and to data collected internationally in a comparable time period. The trend in Canada has been towards technological issues. From a global perspective, Canada currently appears to lead in management issues and lag in technological issues.

Exploring Continued and Discontinued Use of IT: A Case Study of OptionFinder, a Group Support System

This study explores how perceptions, experience, attitudes, communication behavior and environment affect continued and discontinued use of a group support system (GSS) as an organizational innovation. The case study method was used to investigate the largely unexplored process of GSS adoption and diffusion in terms of human factors, internal organizational context, external organizational environment and GSS management activities. Analysis of data collected in 25 in-depth interviews with informants who had voluntarily “adopted” GSS for use in one or more meetings they initiated, suggests GSS diffusion is a complex process. The author concluded the most significant determinants of initial adoption was support of a champion, while the presence of an intra-departmental champion and a well-rounded GSS infrastructure strongly influenced continued use. Lack of task-technology fit and perception of GSS as a large group tool strongly influenced discontinued use. The surprising finding that intentions to use GSS were the same for continued and discontinued users, led to the conclusion that some discontinued users are in reality “stalled” users who should not be classified as rejecters of the technology.These research findings have important implications for devising strategies for the effective introduction and assimilation of GSS and other information system technologies, and point to the need for continued support throughout the different stages of the diffusion process.

CONTENT FACTORS INFLUENCING ACCURACY OF AUTHORSHIPATTRIBUTIONS FOR ANONYMOUS, MEDIATED BRAINSTORMING COMMENTS.

This study analyzes the content-based influences on accuracy of attributions about the identity of technically anonymous comment authors. Immediately after participants in 32 small groups began using a Group Support System to enter technically anonymous comments about a salient topic during a brainstorming session, each member was asked to attribute authorship to a sample of the sessions anonymous comments, whose authorship was known to the researchers. GSS participants made attributions that were very accurate, yet not related to vividness or length of the comments, but were related to evaluative tone.