Carole H. Saravitz

Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. (Fraser Fir)

The genus Abies Mill. (firs) is one of the largest in the Pinaceae (Krussman 1985). Liu (1971) provided a taxonomic monograph of the genus Abies, and reported that it included two subgenera with 15 sections composed of 39 species, 27 varieties, and 9 hybrids. The genus was characterized morphologically by: (1) a peculiar resin commonly termed balsam, (2) buds on lateral branches often arranged hastately, (3) branchlets marked with circular disk-like leaf scars, (4) solitary male flowers (the genus is monecious) having short horizontal knob-like projections at the posterior portion of stamens and their anthers opening by a transverse slit, (5) erect and often variously colored cones with thin cone scales and bract scales separating from the cone axis upon seed maturity, and (6) seeds having resin vescicles infolded by the lower part of their thin wings. The wood consists only of tracheids and rays without normal resin canals. The tracheids have bordered, taxodioid pits.

Nitrogen Uptake and Partitioning in Response to Reproductive Sink Size of Soybean

During reproductive development, seeds become a dominant sink for both carbon and nitrogen. To determine how nitrogen uptake and partitioning by nonnodulated soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) are affected by a reduced pod load, all pods, ca. half of all pods, and no pods were removed at the beginning of seed fill from plants growing in flowing solution culture containing 1.0 mM NO3 -. Dry matter and nitrogen distributions within the plants were determined at periodic harvests. Net uptake rates of NO3 - and net CO2 exchange rates of leaves were measured daily during the subsequent 25-d period of seed fill. Net uptake rates of NO3 - were determined by ion chromatography as depletion from replenished solutions. For plants with a full pod load, both NO3 - uptake and CO2 exchange rates were maintained throughout the 25-d period of seed fill. With partial and complete depodding, the CO2 exchange rates of the upper, most photosynthetically active leaves declined during the final 5-10 d of seed fill. Net NO3 - uptake rates, particularly by completely depodded plants, were slightly enhanced during the initial 10-15 d after depodding until emergence of additional leaves established new sinks for the photosynthate normally partitioned to reproductive growth in plants with full pod loads. The initially enhanced uptake rates of NO3 -, however, were not of sufficient magnitude to contribute to a significant increase in accumulation of nitrogen in the depodded plants. These results indicate that photosynthetic capacity is sufficient to support both reproductive growth and nitrogen acquisition when soybeans are grown nearly without environmental stress.