Carolina E. R. S. Santos

Caracterização de rizóbios isolados de Jacatupé cultivado emsolo salino do Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

Investigation on microbiological biodiversity in the saline soils involves searching for tolerant genotypes to this type of emvironmental stress. Genotypic data associated to morphologic, physiological and biochemical characteristics of bacteria provide important information regarding its identification and clusters. The objective of this work was to characterize indigenous rhizobial strains of saline soils in the Wasteland and Hinterland of Pernambuco State, using yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus L. Urban) as plant-tramp. Assays had been performed in YMA media and the observed cultivation characteristics of twenty-four isolates had been: change of pH, time of growth, transparency, form, edge, production of exopolysaccharides of the colonies and resistance to salinity. DNA amplification by the PCR technique of the repetitive sequence BOX indicated a high level of genetic and fenotipic diversity between the thirteen indigenous isolates. Comparing cultivation and genetic characteristics of these isolates with nineteen reference strains, indicated that isolates NFB746 and NFB747 had presented high similarity between then and also with the Rhizobium sp. NGR234 (BR2406) and Mesorhizobium ciceri USDA3383 (BR521).The isolated NFB742 possibly belongs to of the same species of the M. ciceri BR521. In relation to the isolated NFB741, the similarity with the Rhizobium tropici IIA CFN299T (BR10016) and Sinorhizobium terangue USDA4894 (BR527) was of 87%. All others isolates had clustered in comparative independent groups when comared to reference lineages. These results are important for diagnosis of new species of native rhizobia in areas where the use of FBN can improve and rehabilitate saline soil using the rizobia-leguminous interaction.

Efeito da fertilização com fósforo, potássio e magnésio em jacatupé infectado com rizóbio em um Latossolo álico

In order to evaluate the effects of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium application on the nutrient absorption and yield of yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban), in a Yellow Latosol of the Zona da Mata of Pernambuco State, Brazil, an experiment was carried out using the strain of Bradyrhizobium sp. NFB 450, isolated from yam bean and selected for efficient N2 fixation in previous experiments. Potassium and magnesium were applied in the proportion of 2:1 (K2O:MgO) in increasing levels (0:0, 40:20, 60:30 and 80:40 kg ha-1 of K2O and MgO, respectively), and crescent levels of phosphorus (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg ha-1 of P2O5) were added in the form of triple superphosphate. Maximum dry matter production, total N and total P accumulated were obtained when applying 64 kg ha-1 of P2O5. A significant effect of K2O:MgO levels was observed in relation to the treatment without K and Mg application; nevertheless, higher levels of K2O:MgO decreased dry matter and total N, and increased total P accumulation. Yam bean responded to low levels of P, K and Mg fertilizer, and showed ability in N2 fixation, with great potential for biomass production.

Interações entre fungos micorrízicos arbusculares, rizóbio e actinomicetos na rizosfera de soja

Actinomycete isolates and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were evaluated in vivo using jointly inoculation systems with soybean plants inoculated with rhizobia, with the aim to observe microbial interactions. The study was carried out at the National Center of Agrobiologic Research (Embrapa CNPAB). Soil of the Itaguai series (medium texture) was used as substrate mixed with river sand in proportion 1:1 (v:v), adding actinomycete isolates (ACT 78 and ACT 370), rhizobia strains (Bradyrhizobium elkanii - BR 29 and Bradyrhizobium japonicum - BR 33), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Gigaspora margarita and Glomus clarum). The results revealed the effect of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi addition with significant and expressive influence on growth parameters, nodulation and density of actinomycete isolates on the soybean rhizosphere which showed greater values compared with fungi uninoculated plants. Synergistic and antagonistic effects were observed between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with actinomycetes isolates and rhizobia strains.