Caroline Dellinghausen Borges

Microencapsulation of palm oil by complex coacervation for application in food systems

This study aimed at microencapsulating palm oil, containing high carotenoid content, with chitosan/xanthan and chitosan/pectin, using the complex coacervation method, followed by atomization and lyophilization. The DSC technique was used to confirm the encapsulation. The atomized microparticles had spherical shape and irregular size, and the lyophilized microparticles had irregular shape and size. Lyophilization resulted in lower carotenoids losses, and higher yield and encapsulation efficiency. In addition, the release profile in both water and gastrointestinal fluid was satisfactory. Prior to their application in food, a greater percentage of carotenoids was released in the fluid that simulates gastrointestinal conditions; however, the compounds were degraded after their release. In this case, the chitosan/pectin microparticles showed the best release profile. After processing, the release was lower and the released compounds were not degraded. Thus, the chitosan/xanthan microparticles showed the best potential for practical application, particularly, in yogurt preparation.

Elaboration of microparticles of carotenoids from natural and synthetic sources for applications in food

Carotenoids are susceptible to isomerization and oxidation upon exposure to oxygen, light and heat, which can result in loss of color, antioxidant activity, and vitamin activity. Microencapsulation helps retain carotenoid stability and promotes their release under specific conditions. Thus, the aim of the study was to encapsulate palm oil and β-carotene with chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate or chitosan/carboxymethylcellulose and to assess the performance of these microparticles in food systems by analyzing their release profile under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions. Encapsulation efficiency was greater than 95%, and the yield of microparticles coated with chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate was approximately 55%, while that of microparticles coated with chitosan/carboxymethylcellulose was 87%. Particles encapsulated with chitosan/carboxymethylcellulose exhibited ideal release behavior in water and gastric fluid, but showed low release in the intestinal fluid. However, when applied to food systems these particles showed enhanced carotenoid release but showed low release of carotenoids upon storage.

Comportamento reológico de xantana produzida por Xanthomonas arboricola pv pruni para aplicação em fluido de perfuração de poços de petróleo

The aim of this work was to evaluate xanthans produced by Xanthomonas arboricola pv pruni to be used for increasing the viscosity of fluids applied in the perforation of oil wells, which were compared with three commercial samples. In order to do that, the viscosity of aqueous and saline solutions (NaCl, KCl and CaCl2) from different xanthans, at different temperatures (25, 45, 65 and 80 oC), was determined in a rheometer. The rheological parameters consistency index (K) and flow behaviour index (n) were obtained by adjusting the data with the Ostwald-de-Waelle model. Gel strength (G0, G10 e G30) was determined in a viscometer, and the concentration of monovalent (sodium and potassium) and divalent salts (calcium and magnesium) was determined in flame photometer and in atomic absorption spectrometer, respectively. Taken together, the results obtained in this study showed that xanthans produced by patovar pruni, Xp 106-600 and Xp 115-600, are promising for fluids used in oil well perforation with saline solutions, because they have low concentration of salts. As for the commercial polymers, they presented the best results when used in aqueous solution, because they had high salt concentrations.

Structure of xanthan gum and cell ultrastructure at different times of alkali stress

The effect of alkali stress on the yield, viscosity, gum structure, and cell ultrastructure of xanthan gum was evaluated at the end of fermentation process of xanthan production by Xanthomonas campestris pv. manihotis 280-95. Although greater xanthan production was observed after a 24 h-alkali stress process, a lower viscosity was observed when compared to the alkali stress-free gum, regardless of the alkali stress time. However, this outcome is not conclusive as further studies on gum purification are required to remove excess sodium, verify the efficiency loss and the consequent increase in the polymer viscosity. Alkali stress altered the structure of xanthan gum from a polygon-like shape to a star-like form. At the end of the fermentation, early structural changes in the bacterium were observed. After alkali stress, marked structural differences were observed in the cells. A more vacuolated cytoplasm and discontinuities in the membrane cells evidenced the cell lysis. Xanthan was observed in the form of concentric circles instead of agglomerates as observed prior to the alkali stress.

INFLUÊNCIA DA CULTIVAR NAS CARACTERÍSTICA FÍSICAS, QUÍMICAS E SENSORIAIS DE TOPPING DE MIRTILO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influencia da cultivar de mirtilo nas caracteristicas fisicas, quimicas e sensoriais de topping de mirtilo. Seis cultivares foram testadas: Woodard, Powderblue, Briteblue, Bluegem, Bluebelle e Delite. As frutas e toppings foram submetidos a analises quimicas, fisicas e sensoriais. O teor de antocianinas totais foi determinado por espectrofotometria. O maior teor de antocianinas foi encontrado nas frutas e no topping da cultivar Powderblue. Nao houve correlacao entre o teor de antocianinas das frutas e dos toppings de cada cultivar. Todas as cultivares utilizadas neste estudo podem ser empregadas na elaboracao de topping, com boa aceitabilidade sensorial.

Effect of nanoencapsulation using PLGA on antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of guabiroba fruit phenolic extract

Guabiroba fruit has been highlighted for its high phytochemical content, particularly of phenolic compounds. The stability, bioavailability, and bioactivity of these compounds can be enhanced by nanoencapsulation, to improve functionality. Poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles containing phenolic extract of guabiroba (GPE) were synthesized by an adapted emulsion-evaporation method and their physico-chemical and functional properties were studied at two lactic to glycolic acid ratios (50:50 and 65:35). Higher (P<0.05) or equivalent antioxidant capacity compared to free GPE were observed for GPE-loaded nanoparticles. Free extract and PLGA nanoparticles were effective inhibitors of Listeria innocua, with lower (P<0.05) GPE concentrations required for inhibition when nanoencapsulated. Also, reduction of ROS generation in non-cancer cells was achieved with lower GPE concentrations (P<0.05) after encapsulation. These results suggest that PLGA nanoparticles can be used as a delivery system for phenolic compounds at lower levels than originally required for enhanced functional properties.

Caracterização de biopolímeros produzidos por Beijerinckia sp. 7070 em diferentes tempos de cultivo

Biopolymers are microbial polysaccharides. The biopolymer produced by Beijerinckia sp 7070 has pseudoplastic behaviour and shows high viscosity at low deformation rates, giving to polymer excellent suspension characteristics. The objective of this work was to characterize the biopolymer produced at different culture times by Beijerinckia sp 7070 in relation to total production, production of short and long fiber polymers, productivity, viscosity and chemical composition. The polymers produced in liquid YM medium were recovered at different culture times, dried and weighted for determination of the production and productivity. Fiber type produced during the culture times was evaluated microscopically. Apparent viscosities of the 1% (w/v) aqueous solutions were determined at 6, 12, 30 and 60rpm, at 25o C, in a Brookfield viscosimeter. Biopolymer composition was determined by comparative thin layer chromatography. The highest total biopolymer productions was found at 30 and 72h, the highest productivity was at 48h and the highest viscosity was at 72h. The long fiber polymer showed a tendency of becoming longer with time. The viscosity of long fiber polymer was higher than the short fiber one. All polymers showed the same components (glucose, galactose, fucose and glucuronic acid) but at different concentrations.

Características físico-químicas e sensoriais de batata frita da cultivar BRS Ana branqueada e revestida com metilcelulose

O estudo propos avaliar o efeito do branqueamento combinado ao uso de sais e de revestimentos a base de metilcelulose (MC) na absorcao de gordura e nas caracteristicas fisico-quimicas e sensoriais de batatas da cultivar BRS Ana, submetidas a fritura na forma de batata chips. O experimento foi realizado com a cultivar BRS Ana e a cultivar Asterix, sendo a batata Asterix adequada para produtos fritos. Para o estudo foram definidos controles para as batatas das cultivares BRS Ana (T0’) e Asterix (T0”), batatas que nao foram submetidas ao branqueamento nem a qualquer tipo de revestimento. Foram testados tres tratamentos para cada cultivar; para a cultivar BRS Ana: T1: com branqueamento e sem revestimento; T2: com branqueamento e com revestimento de 1% de MC; T3: com branqueamento e com revestimento de 2% de MC; para a cultivar Asterix: T4: com branqueamento e sem revestimento; T5: com branqueamento e com revestimento de 1% de MC; T6 com branqueamento e com revestimento de 2% de MC. Para os tratamentos que receberam o branqueamento (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 e T6), foi realizada uma imersao das fatias de batata em agua a 85 oC por 3 minutos, com adicao de 0,5% de CaCl2 e 2,5% de NaCl, seguida de resfriamento e centrifugacao. As batatas dos tratamentos T2, T3, T5 e T6 que receberam revestimento de MC foram imersas em solucao de MC 1 ou 2% (p/v), por 1 min e, em seguida, drenadas. As batatas foram submetidas a fritura em gordura vegetal a 180 oC. A maior reducao de absorcao de gordura (13%) durante a fritura foi para batata da cultivar BRS Ana submetida ao branqueamento e revestimento com 1% MC, obtendo-se no produto final 29,37% de gordura. Alem disso, o revestimento com 1% MC nao modificou significativamente a cor e a textura das batatas chips; nos resultados sensoriais esse tratamento nao influenciou na preferencia para os atributos testados (aparencia, cor, sabor e textura) e o indice de aceitacao sensorial desse tratamento foi de 85,9%. A batata da cultivar BRS Ana submetida ao branqueamento adicionado de NaCl e CaCl2 e revestimento com 1% de MC apresenta potencial de utilizacao na forma de batata chips.

Microencapsulation of Propolis in Protein Matrix Using Spray Drying for Application in Food Systems

Propolis presents several health benefits due to the presence of bioactive compounds, mainly phenolic compounds; however, its application in food is limited due to undesirable odor and low water solubility. The bioactive compounds are usually susceptible to degradation by exposure to light, heat, or oxygen or by interaction with other compounds, which may limit its biological activity. The study aimed the propolis extract microencapsulation using rice, pea, soybean, and ovoalbumin proteins as wall material by spray drying and to analyze their in vitro digestion. The propolis extract presented a high concentration of apigenin. Encapsulation efficiency was greater than 70%, and it was maintained the antioxidant activity of propolis (88% inhibition of DPPH for propolis extract and > 73% for the microparticles). The DSC, ATR-FTIR, and X-ray diffraction techniques confirmed the encapsulation. The microparticles showed different shapes, sizes, and physical characteristics. The microparticles encapsulated with pea protein could be used in formulations of Minas Frescal cheese due to the controlled released, whereas the other microparticles could be used in pudding formulations.

Bioactive compounds and quality parameters of avocado oil obtained by different processes

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of avocado oil whose pulp was processed through different drying and oil extraction methods. The physicochemical characteristics of avocados cv. Breda were determined after drying the pulp in an oven under ventilation (40 °C and 60 °C) and vacuum oven (60 °C), followed by the oil extracted by mechanical pressing or the Soxhlet method. From the approximately 72% pulp found in the avocado fruit, the 16% fraction is lipids. The quality indices evaluated in avocado oil showed better results when the pulp was dried at 60 °C under vacuum and oil extraction was done by the Soxhlet method with petroleum ether, whereas the bioactive compounds were better preserved when the avocado pulp was dried at 60 °C under ventilation and mechanical pressing was used for the oil extraction. Among the fatty acids found, oleic acid was the main.