Carolyn Elinore Barnes Proença

Uso e disponibilidade de recursos medicinais no município de Ouro Verde de Goiás, GO, Brasil

The goal of this study was to conduct an ethnobotanical survey of the medicinal plants used by rural and urban communities in the town of Ouro Verde de Goias, situated in the mato grosso goiano meso-region of the state of Goias; to pinpoint species native to the Cerrado biome with potential for pharmacological studies based on corrected popular use concordance (CUPc); and to determine if ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal plants from backyards differed by age, gender, education, place of birth and rural versus urban setting of the informant. Statistical tests applied were Kruskal-Wallis (H) and Qui-square (χ2). Eighty-four informants were selected by random sampling and interviews were structured. The available sources of medicinal plants were: backyards, disturbed areas, gallery forests and deciduous dry forests. Ninety-eight species, distributed in 45 botanical families, were found, with cultivated exotics outnumbering native plants. In backyards, 78 species were cultivated, of which 39.7% were cited exclusively as medicinal, the remaining also being reported as food (39.7%) or ornamentals (20.5%). Twenty species were gathered from the surrounding vegetation, all of which are native to the Cerrado biome, except for Senna occidentalis which is weedy. Two species that occur in deciduous dry forest (Forsteronia refracta and Celtis iguanaea) had high CUPc (> 50%), showing consensus of popular use. Forty-one percent of rural area informants reported gathering medicinal plants from native vegetation, which is significantly more than those in urban areas (16.7%). The number of species cited by informants with cultivated backyards was significantly greater than those that did not. The number of medicinal plants cited by informants and the presence of a backyard did not differ significantly among informants from different classes of gender, education, place of birth and rural versus urban dwelling.

Impacto da invasão e do manejo do capim-gordura (Melinis minutiflora) sobre a riqueza e biomassa da flora nativa do Cerrado sentido restrito

No Brasil, varias especies de gramineas sao citadas como invasoras em Unidades de Conservacao. Contudo, ainda se conhece muito pouco sobre o impacto do estabelecimento e da colonizacao dessas especies nas areas protegidas. Entre as gramineas exoticas introduzidas no bioma Cerrado merece destaque a especie africana Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv., o capim-gordura. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o impacto desta invasora na biomassa e na riqueza da comunidade nativa em uma area de Cerrado Ralo invadido, como tambem estudar a dinâmica da vegetacao do estrato rasteiro submetida a aplicacao de diferentes tecnicas de manejo para o controle do capim-gordura. Os resultados mostraram que, na area experimental, onde o capim-gordura representa cerca 62% da biomassa total do estrato rasteiro, o numero de especies nativas encontradas foi alto. Nas areas onde o capim-gordura apresentou alto indice de colonizacao (> 98%), sua biomassa alcancou cerca de duas vezes a biomassa do estrato rasteiro registrada para o Cerrado. A realizacao de uma queimada nao foi suficiente para controlar o capim-gordura, porque apos tres anos a sua biomassa se aproximou aos valores encontrados inicialmente. Por outro lado, no tratamento manejo integrado (maio ou setembro) a reducao de mais de 99,9% na sua presenca favoreceu a expansao da vegetacao nativa, configurando-se, assim, uma estrategia promissora para a recuperacao ambiental das areas invadidas pelo capim-gordura no Cerrado.

Algrizea (Myrteae, Myrtaceae): A New Genus from the Highlands of Brazil

Abstract The monotypic genus Algrizea is described from the Chapada Diamantina highlands, in Bahia, Brazil, and a new combination, Algrizea macrochlamys, is proposed. This species was well-known from flowering material but fruits and seeds, essential for accurate generic placement, were unknown until 2000. Treated successively as Myrcia, Myrtus, and more recently as Psidium, it combines characters usually considered primitive in the Myrtaceae with an unusual embryo unlike any hitherto described in the Myrtaceae. Morphological and preliminary molecular data suggest that it is best accommodated in the Myrciinae sensu stricto. Algrizea is distinguished by the combination of 3-flowered dichasia, persistent bracteoles, 5 well-developed calyx lobes, bilocular ovaries with 3–6(-8) ovules per locule, seeds 2–3 with membranous, shiny testa, and an embryo in which the hypocotyl assumes an internal position to the unequal, sheathing cotyledons.

Two new species of Myrtaceae (Myrteae) from northern South America

Two new species of Myrtaceae are described and illustrated. Campomanesia cucullata is a tree from Monte Alegre, Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon. It is most similar to C. lineatifolia, from which it differs by being leafless when flowering, and by having densely congested and very small flowers. Myrcianthes monteucalyptoides is a tree from Tarma, Junín, in Central Peru. It is most similar to Myrcianthes myrsinoides, but the new species differs by a combination of medium-sized, somewhat revolute, broadly-acuminate leaves, and by the solitary, pentamerous flowers with delicate pedicels.

Novos sinônimos e uma nova combinação em Pusillanthus (Loranthaceae)

A revision of Pusillanthus Kuijt for Brazil is presented. The recently described monotypic genus occurs in Venezuela, Guyana, and Brazil. In Brazil, it is distributed only within the Caatinga domain, in the states of Alagoas, Bahia and Paraiba. The new combination Pusillanthus pubescens (Rizzini) Caires is proposed and the species Phthirusa caatingae Rizzini, Pusillanthus trichodes (Rizzini) Kuijt, and Struthanthus pubescens var. bahiensis Rizzini are treated as its taxonomic synonyms. An illustrative plate and a distribution map for the genus in Brazil are presented, as well as information about leaf architecture, and stem, leaf, and pollen grain surfaces (based on scanning electron microscopy).

A new species and new records of Myrtaceae from the Noel Kempff Mercado National Park region of Bolivia

SummaryMyrcia lignosa, a new species only known from the Serranía de Huanchaca in the Noel Kempff Mercado National Park is described and illustrated. Eugenia angustissima O. Berg, E. gemmiflora O. Berg, E. klotzschiana O. Berg, Myrcia dasyblasta O. Berg, M. lingua (O. Berg) Mattos & D. Legrand and M. torta DC. are reported in Bolivia for the first time.

Descrição do padrão de venação foliar em Spathicarpa Hook. (Araceae)

Characterization of leaf venation can help in the recognition of taxonomic groups that are identified primarily on the basis of reproductive characteristics such as genus Spathicarpa Hook. (Araceae). This study aims to provide an efficient technique for clearing leaves that are similar to those of Spathicarpa Hook., to describe the leaf venation pattern of Spathicarpa gardneri Schott, Spathicarpa hastifolia Hook., Spathicarpa lanceolata Engl. and Spathicarpa sagittifolia Schott, and to test the use of leaf architecture as a tool for taxonomic recognition of Spathicarpa Hook. species. In general, the leaf clearing technique initially involved placing leaves in 70% ethyl alcohol with commercial detergent, sodium hydroxide (5%) and sodium hypochloride for clearing and whitening, respectively. The leaves were then run through an ethanol dehydration series (10 to 100%) and through a xylene series (xylene-ethanol 100% 1:1 and xylene). Lastly, leaves were died with safranin and again placed in xylene-ethanol 100% 1:1 to differentiate. Of the four species, only Spathicarpa lanceolata Engl. presented diagnostic vegetative characteristics. It was not possible to distinguish amongst the other species based only on leaf architecture.

Siphoneugena delicata (Myrtaceae), a New Species from the Montane Atlantic Forests of Southeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT Siphoneugena delicata Sobral & Proença (Myrtaceae), from the montane Atlantic forests of the Brazilian states of Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais, is described and illustrated. The new species is related to S. guilfoyleiana Proença, known until now only from the restinga vegetation in the state of São Paulo, and S. reitzii D. Legrand, from montane habitats from southern Brazil. It is distinguished from both by the shrubby habit, smaller leaves to 12 mm long with the midvein plane or sulcate adaxially, and clearly apiculate flower buds. Additionally, it is set apart from S. guilfoyleiana by the puberulous branches and deciduous bracteoles and from S. reitzii by the markedly rugose bark.

Cymbella neolanceolata sp. nov., a species formerly known as Cymbella lanceolata

The history of the genus Cymbella C. Agardh and its typification were clarified some 20 years ago, with still some concerns on the validity and identity of some of the species involved. Different specimens have been referred to under the name C. lanceolata (C. Agardh) C. Agardh, even if its basionym is Pinnularia appendiculata (C. Agardh) Schaarschmidt. Therefore, the epithet lanceolata kept on being misapplied to species in the genus Cymbella. The typification history of Cymbella confirms C. cymbiformis C. Agardh as typus conservandus. The binomial C. cornuta (Ehrenberg) R. Ross, considered as conspecific with C. lanceolatum sensu Ehrenberg, is maintained as an independent species and lectotypified. Considering that C. lanceolata sensu Krammer is distinct from C. lanceolata (C. Agardh) C. Agardh, which is accepted as a homotypic synonym of Frustulia lanceolata C. Agardh, a new species C. neolanceolata W. Silva is proposed to accommodate the Krammer material. A new nomenclatural combination C. neolanceola...The history of the genus Cymbella C. Agardh and its typification were clarified some 20 years ago, with still some concerns on the validity and identity of some of the species involved. Different specimens have been referred to under the name C. lanceolata (C. Agardh) C. Agardh, even if its basionym is Pinnularia appendiculata (C. Agardh) Schaarschmidt. Therefore, the epithet lanceolata kept on being misapplied to species in the genus Cymbella. The typification history of Cymbella confirms C. cymbiformis C. Agardh as typus conservandus. The binomial C. cornuta (Ehrenberg) R. Ross, considered as conspecific with C. lanceolatum sensu Ehrenberg, is maintained as an independent species and lectotypified. Considering that C. lanceolata sensu Krammer is distinct from C. lanceolata (C. Agardh) C. Agardh, which is accepted as a homotypic synonym of Frustulia lanceolata C. Agardh, a new species C. neolanceolata W. Silva is proposed to accommodate the Krammer material. A new nomenclatural combination C. neolanceolata var. bottnica (basyonim C. lanceolata var. bottnica Krammer) is also made.

A new infra-generic classification of the species-rich Neotropical genus Myrcia s.l.

SummaryA new classification of the large Neotropical genus Myrcia s.l. is proposed. Nine sections are presented that correspond to recently published clades. Of these nine sections, sects. Myrcia, Aulomyrcia and Sympodiomyrcia are already published, sects. Reticulosae and Tomentosae are new sections, sect. Eugeniopsis is a new combination whilst sects. Aguava, Calyptranthes and Gomidesia are new combinations at a new rank (comb. & stat. nov.). Six lectotypifications are made for sections or genera. Estimates of species per section are listed.