Cassiane Jrayj De Melo Victoria Bariani

Environmental Mapping of Áreas Vulnerable to Contamination in the Guarani Aquifer in the Municipality of Faxinal do Soturno – RS, Brazil

The increasing demand for natural resources, for agricultural use and urban development, could advance towards areas with possible risk of groundwater contamination, because they are not well planned and/or inadequate environmental studies appropriate to a particular condition of use. This situation is related to the natural vulnerability that evaluates soil type, geology, slope and permanent preservation area; identified as environmental conflicts, due to inappropriate activities, in areas with potential risk of groundwater contamination. Thus, the objectives of this study were to conduct a survey of potentially contaminating activities and to relate their areas of influence with the map of natural vulnerability, which defines the interrelationship among soil maps, geology, slope the municipality of Faxinal do Soturno – RS, Brazil to check possible improper soil use. For this purpose, data were collected from wells and a potentiometric surface map was generated from the static level of wells, which allowed the estimation of groundwater flow. In the municipality, potential activities, including cemeteries, hospitals, fuel station, brick kilns and sawmills with potential risk of contamination were identified. With available technical procedures, potentially contaminating activities were identified in areas of medium and high vulnerability, which characterizes the possible risk of contaminating the groundwater.

ANÁLISE INTEGRADA DE VARIÁVEIS DE USO, COBERTURA DO SOLOE LIMNOLÓGICAS EM ITAQUI, RS

Este trabalhotem por objetivo analisar as relacoes entre variaveis de uso, cobertura do soloe limnologicas em uma area de 170 km 2 no municipio de Itaqui. Para isso, utilizaram-se imagens satelitaise dados limnologicos coletados in situ durante os meses de setembro a novembro de 2011. A area de estudo foi dividida em 12 microbacias nas quais foram identificadas seis classes de usoe cobertura do solo: lavoura de arroz; campo nativo; vegetacao arbustiva; mata ciliar; area urbanizada e area industrial. Ainferencia estatistica baseou-seno uso docoeficiente de correlacao de Spearman entre as variaveis limnologicas ea porcentagem das areas de uso da terra. Os resultadosanalisados referem-se aos dados que obtiveram um grau igual ou maior a95% de confiancasegundo o teste de correlacao. As conclusoes sugeremque osefeitos dacontaminacaodos corpos hidricos da regiao de estudo podem ser provenientes da area urbana e docamponativo, poisapresentaram correlacoes significativas com as variaveisdemesofilos,0,71 e 0,65respectivamente.Essefato aponta para os efluentes da cidade e para a contaminacao originaria da pecuaria extensiva como principais fontes de contaminacao das aguas.