Cedomir Radovic

Fatty acid profile of m. longissimus dorsi of Mangalitsa and Moravka pig breeds

Abstract. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and fatty acid content in m. longissimus dorsi (MLD) of two indigenous pig breeds (ML – Swallow-belly Mangalitsa and M – Moravka) reared in free range farm conditions and fed complete mixtures used for commercial meat pig genotypes. The body mass of ML and M pigs at slaughter was,on average, 107.14 and 107.61 kg, respectively. In MLD of M pigs, more total fat was measured compared to ML breed (6.96 % compared to 5.10 %, P 0.05). The n-6/n-3 ratio was higher than optimal (18.7 for breed ML and 13.7 for M).

Genetic resources in pig breeding: Moravka

Objective of the paper was to present characteristics of native/autochthonous pig breed Moravka, reared in the previous century, as well as results relating to activities such as collection, selection, identification and production performance of investigated heads in 2004. Moravka is one of three pig breeds in Serbia included in the programme of preservation of animal genetic resources.

Probiotic Beta Plus in nutrition of sows and piglets

Effects of the use of probiotic Beta Plus in nutrition of gestating and lactating sows, suckling piglets, weaned piglets were investigated. Obtained results showed that: introduction of Beta Plus in concentrations of 0.1% in diets had an effect which was characterized by: - smaller losses of body mass of sows during lactation period, by 21.8%, - shorter service period of sows, by 2.95 days, - more weaned piglets, 0.20 piglets/litter, and - better gain, by 6.69%, and more favorable feed conversion ratio, by 0.9% in weaning piglets Generally we recommend the use of probiotic Beta Plus in nutrition of sows, suckling piglets and weaned piglets.

VARIABILITY OF LIBIDO AND PROPERTIES OF BOAR EJACULATE

The main objective of this study was to assess the variability of libido (duration of preparing to jump, T), the duration of ejaculation (E) and the properties of ejaculate: ejaculate volume (VOL), evaluation of density of ejaculate (DEN), evaluation of native sperm motility (NAT), evaluation of diluted sperm motility (DIL), as well as the number of doses produced per ejaculate (NPD) of boars reared under production conditions. The study included 8127 ejaculates of boars of the three breeds. Ejaculates were analysed during four annual seasons. Evaluation of variance was performed using mixed model. Average values of T, E, VOL, DEN, NAT, DIL and NPD were: 3.56 min, 6.09 min, 235.82 ml, 2.03, 3.98, 3.95 and 9.90 doses. Libido, ejaculation duration and characteristics of ejaculates varied under the influence of season, year, breed. All studied traits depended on the age of the boar when taking the ejaculate (P 0.05). Differences in phenotypic property values were present between boars and between ejaculates and repeatability coefficient values for all studied traits ranged from 0.08± 0.01 to 0.32± 0.05. The association of the investigated boar traits was weak to strong (from -0.14 to 0.81; P 0.05).

Variation of traits of fatteners under the impact of various factors.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the sire breed, sire within sire breed, genotype of fatteners, gender of fatteners, gender within sire breed, season of birth of fatteners and mass of warm carcass side on the following traits: back fat thickness - middle of the back (DSL), back fat thickness - lower back (DSK), meat yield of carcass sides (JUSKG) and percentage/share of meat in carcass sides (JUSPRO). The research was conducted in the experimental slaughterhouse and laboratory of the Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, and included females and castrated male animals. Sires of fatteners were pure breeds: Swedish Landrace (SL, n = 10), Large White (LW, n = 3) and Pietrain (P, n = 3), while the offspring belonged to the following genotypes: pure breed - Swedish Landrace (SL, n=252), and crosses of Large White × Swedish Landrace (LW × SL) (n=170), Pietrain × Swedish Landrace (P × SL) (n=13), [Pietrain × (Large White × Swedish Landrace)] P × (LW × SL) (n=35), [Swedish Landrace × (Large White × Swedish Landrace)] SL × (LW × SL) (n=33) and [Large White × (Large White × Swedish Landrace)] LW × (LW × SL) (n=33). The study included total 536 offspring of which 276 are male castrated and 260 female animals. In the winter 24 piglets were born, in the spring 95, in the summer 148 and autumn 269 piglets. It was established that the sire within sire breed Pietrain (S:P) does not affect the variation of the studied traits of fattening pigs (P>0.05); sire within sire breed Swedish Landrace (S:SL) does not affect the varying of the trait JUSPRO (P>0.05); season of birth within the Model 1 does not affect the traits yield and share of meat (P>0.05); the offspring gender within genotype (Gender : Genotype) does not affect the variation of fat thickness at the centre of the back (P>0.05). All other factors (sire breed, sire within the sire breed - Large White, gender and genotype of fattening pigs, gender within sire breed, the mass of warm carcass side, and also birth season of fattening pigs in the Model 2) included in the models showed statistically significant impact on the variability of traits of fattening pigs (P<0.05; P<0.01 and P<0.001). [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 31081]

Anatomical-physiological basis of reproduction of domestic animals

Knowledge about forming of sex cells, fertilization and pregnancy is basis for biotechnological effect on reproduction. Beside artificial insemination which is regularly used in practice in Serbia, embryo transfer is method which will probably have wide application, since it enables good performances of male heads and improvement with genetic material of selected female heads. Method is especially useful in selection and breeding of cattle and horses, since in previous agricultural practice, number of offspring from single female head was relatively small. At the beginning it is important to study traits of ovaries in all stages of sex cycle and isolate egg cells which could mature in vitro conditions, in adequate medium until in vitro fertilization and transfer into recipient mother.

Effect of genotype and order of farrowing on variation of fertility traits in pigs

Investigations were carried out in single pig herd. It included 9 genotypes of sows (4 breeds and 5 groups of crosses of different crossing combinations) and 25.040 of their litters. Traits such as size of litter of Swedish Landrace sows (18.511 litters) and crosses of Fl generation (4651 litters) obtained by crossing of Swedish Landrace (SL) sows and boars of Large White breed (LW) were especially investigated. Second part of the investigation related to effect of sire (SL, LW and D) and dam breed (SL and SLxLW) on average demonstration and variability of number of live born piglets in first seven farrowings. Standard mathematical-statistical methods were applied in order to evaluate average demonstration and variability of the trait litter size. Effect of parent genotype and order of farrowing on variability of traits was evaluated using the variance analysis. Testing of differences in average values was carried out using t-test. Results of the variance analysis (table 2) show that sow genotype and order of farrowing had highly significant effect (P< 0,01) on investigated traits. In investigated herd and between investigated sow-genotypes average number of live born piglets (from 8.50 to 10,37), still born piglets (from 0,30 to 0,79) and reared piglets (from 6,75 to 8,44). Only the difference of average values for number of still born piglets between sows SL and SLxLW had no statistical significance. Investigation of the effect of dam and sire breed on average demonstration and variability of number of live born piglets per farrwoings (table 4) indicates that sows of SL breed mated with boars of LW breed produced more liveborn piglets compared to sows of SL breed mated with SL boars in all farrowings (from +0,30 to +0,69 piglets). These sows, from fourth to seventh farrowing farrowed more than 11 live piglets, which means that individual heterosis effect was displayed (3 to 7%). Mating of sow crosses of F1 generation (SLxLW) with boars of Durroc breed caused no increase of number of live born piglets in litter compared to rearing in pure breed (except in 3rd farrowing) or two breed crossing.