Cem Ömer Egesel

Nitrogen and fungicide applications against Erysiphe cruciferarum affect quality components of oilseed rape

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops in temperate climates. Erysiphe cruciferarum is an important disease of oilseed rape and causes crop loss in warmer areas of Europe. The research investigated the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and fungicidal treatment against powdery mildew infection caused by E.cruciferarum of oilseed rape on seed components, including protein, oil, oleic acid, linolenic acid and undesirable substances such as sinapic acid esters (SAE) and glucosinolates (GSL), using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Five susceptible oilseed rape varieties were employed in this research using four treatment groups: no nitrogen fertilization and no fungicidal treatment (N0–F0); no nitrogen fertilization but fungicidal treatment (N0–F1); and nitrogen fertilization but no fungicidal treatment (N1–F0); nitrogen fertilization and fungicidal treatment (N1–F1). Nitrogen fertilization increased the protein, but lowered the oil content, of the seeds. Fungicidal treatments significantly increased oil contents in all varieties tested, however reduced protein levels in fertilized and non-fertilized plots. The level of linolenic acid did not change significantly in any plots of any treatment combinations; a similar result was observed in the level of oleic acid in most of the genotypes. Nitrogen fertilization increased GSL and SAE levels, whereas fungicidal treatment had no effect. Our findings demonstrated that nitrogen fertilization can markedly influence some quality parameters in oilseed rape; however, the application of fungicides reduced side effects of nitrogen fertilizer and resulted a reduction on GSL, SAE and protein contents but an increase on total oil and oleic acid contents.

The effects of different growing media on flowering and corm formation of saffron ( Crocus sativus L.)

The objective of this research was to determine the effects of different growing media on saffron growth and corm formation in greenhouse conditions. In the experiment four different treatments were used. These were (1) soil+sand (control), (2) soil+sand+manure, (3) soil+sand+manure applied as a double layer above and bottom of corm bed, and (4) soil+sand+manure+ nitfojips-K. The results revealed that effects of the growing media on most of the characters were significant. Cow manure mixtures especially with double layers had a positive effect on the flower and stigma weight. Average flower weight per plant change between 0.157 - 0.240 g. The corm size did not change significantly in treatments 1, 2 and 3. However, in treatment 4, both corm weight and corm size were significantly lower than they were in the other treatments. The results suggested that the growing medium was one of the important factors for saffron flower and corm formation.

Analysis of Fatty Acids in Kernel, Flour, and Oil Samples of Maize by NIR Spectroscopy Using Conventional Regression Methods

High cost and painstaking procedures associated with fatty acid analyses of maize kernel necessitate the use of alternative methods. NIR spectroscopy offers advantages in this respect for a variety of areas such as plant breeding, food and feed industries, and biofuel production, in which different forms of maize kernel (e.g., intact kernel, flour, or oil) are used as material. We investigated the possibility of estimating maize oil quality traits by using different samples (intact kernel, flour, and oil) and conventional regression methods (multiple linear regression [MLR] and partial least squares regression [PLSR]) applied to their NIR spectra. MLR and PLSR calibration models were developed for oleic acid, linoleic acid, oleic/linoleic acid ratios, total monounsaturated fatty acid, total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and total saturated fatty acid by analyzing 120 maize samples. Robustness in terms of prediction accuracy of the models developed here was tested with a reserved set of samples (n = 3...

Mısırın F1 ve F2 nesillerinde bitki verimi ve bazı kalite özellikleri için heritabilite ve heterosis analizleri

This study was conducted to analyze the genetic effects for grain yield and some important kernel quality traits in maize. Eight parental lines and their six hybrids were used as plant material. Field experiments to evaluate plant material were carried out in two locations (Çanakkale and Bursa) in 2013. The observed traits were single plant yield, protein content and oil content. Additive, dominance and additive × additive models were utilized to analyze the data. Variance component estimations showed that single plant yield was under the control of dominance type gene action; while protein and oil content were controlled by additive type gene action. High values (> 60 %) of broad (H) and narrow sense (h) heritabilities were observed for protein and oil content. The mean of F1 generation for single plant yield and oil content were higher than the mean of F2 generation for these traits. Most of hybrids had positive mid parent heterosis (Hmp) and better parent heterosis (Hbp) for single plant yield, while they had negative heterosis values for protein content. Except for one cross (A680×IHO), all of crosses had positive Hmp values for oil content.

Özel tip mısır genotiplerinin farklı gelişme dönemlerinde fizyolojik özellikler ile kalite özellikleri için heterosis, kalıtım derecesi ve gen etkilerinin incelenmesi

Misir bitkisi genetik arastirmalarda kullanilan en onemli model bitkilerden birisidir. Normal tane yapisina sahip misir genotiplerinde cesitli ozelliklerin kalitimini konu edinen cok sayida arastirma bulunmasina karsin, ozel tip misir genotiplerinde bu arastirmalar sinirli duzeyde kalmistir. Bu calisma ozel tip (yuksek yagli, yuksek proteinli) misir genotiplerinde bazi agronomik, fizyolojik ve kalite ozelliklerinin kalitimini konu edinmektedir. Iki yillik (2011 ve 2012) olarak yurutulen arastirmada ekimden itibaren 40., 60., 82., 100 ve 122. gunlerde 13 agronomik, 9 fizyolojik ve 7 kalite ozelligi olmak uzere toplam 29 ozellik incelenmistir. Elde edilen veriler Duzeltilmis Sapmasiz Hesaplama (Adjusted Unbiased Prediction) yontemiyle eklemeli ve dominans model (Additive + Dominance) kullanilarak analiz edilmistir. Her bir ozellik icin vejetasyon evrelerine gore heterosis, kalitim dereceleri hesaplanarak bu hesaplamalardaki degisim incelenmistir. Ayrica heterosise neden olan gen etkileri polar grafik yontemi ile gosterilmistir. Arastirma bulgulari heterosis ve kalitim derecesinin vejetasyon suresinde ozellik gruplarina gore degisim gosterdigini ortaya koymustur. Bitkisel ozellikler ve fizyolojik ozelliklerin buyuk kisminda pozitif yonde ve yuksek derecede heterosis (>%50) oldugu saptanmistir. Tane protein, karbonhidrat ve yag iceriginde de bazi ornekleme tarihlerinde pozitif yonde heterosis oldugu belirlenmistir. Incelenen ozelliklerden 18’inde kalitim derecesi yuksek bulunmustur. Heterosise neden olan gen etkilerine iliskin analizler, bitkisel ozellikler ile fizyolojik ozelliklerin cogunda ustun dominans gen etkilerinin rol oynadigini, kalite ozelliklerinde ise heterosisin dominant ve eklemeli gen etkileriyle ortaya ciktigini gostermistir. Yuksek yagli ve yuksek proteinli misir genotipleri arasinda bazi ozellikler icin heterosis ve kalitim derecesi ile gen etki hesaplamalarinda farkliliklar oldugu saptanmistir. Ayrica incelenen bazi ozelliklerle ilgili heterosisin farkli gelisim evrelerinde degisim gosterdigi anlasilmistir.

Comparison of graphical analyses for maize genetic experiments: Application of biplots and polar plot to line x tester design

5 CHILEAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH 76(1) JANUARY-MARCH 2016 3 ULY-SEPTEMBER Graphical techniques have become important tools to show results of maize (Zea mays L.) breeding experiments in current literature. The present study compared different graphical techniques to determine the best parental lines and cross combinations for yield and kernel quality traits in maize breeding experiments. We measured single plant yield, protein content, oil content, carotenoid content, oleic acid, and linoleic acid in a 5 × 2 line × tester design. Genotype + genotype × environment (GE) biplot, principal component analysis (PCA) biplot, and polar plot were used to analyze data and compare them with conventional line × tester analysis. In the conventional analysis, parents with high means and positive general combining ability (GCA) values were A680 and HYA for single plant yield, IHP for protein content, IHO and HYA for oil content, A680 and Q2 for carotenoid content, IHP for oleic acid content, and A680 for linoleic acid content. The B73 tester exhibited positive GCA values for most investigated traits. The HYA × B73 combination was the best cross in terms of single plant yield, protein, and oil contents. Results showed that biplot methods had both advantages and disadvantages. The PCA biplots can be used alone while the GGE biplot and polar plots are both useful for combining ability, heterosis, and gene action analysis in a line × tester design. Overall, graphical analysis results were very similar to conventional analysis. Consequently, it was assumed that the graphical methods used could be useful to analyze/present data from maize breeding experiments carried out with a line × tester design.