Cem Tokatli

Bioecological and statistical risk assessment of toxic metals in sediments of a worldwide important wetland: Gala Lake National Park (Turkey)

Abstract Gala Lake National Park that has an international importance is one of the most important wetland ecosystems for Turkey. As same as many aquatic habitats, Gala Lake is under a significant anthropogenic pressure originated from agricultural activities conducted around the lake and from industrial discharges by means of Ergene River. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sediment quality of Gala Lake and Irrigation Canal by investigating some toxic element accumulations (As, B, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu) from a statistical perspective. Pearson Correlation Index (PCI) and Factor Analysis (FA) were applied to detected data in order to determine the associated contaminants and effective factors on the system. Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI) and Biological Risk Index based sediment quality guidelines (mERM-Q) applied to detected data in order to assess the ecological and biological risks of heavy metals in the ecosystem. Also Geographic Information System (GIS) technology was used to make visual explanations by presenting distribution maps of investigated elements. According to the results of PCI, significant positive correlations were recorded among the investigated toxic elements at 0.01 significance level. According to the results of FA, two factors, which were named as “Agricultural Factor” and “Industrial Factor”, explained 86.6% of the total variance. According to the results of Potential Ecological Risk Index, cadmium was found to be the highest risk factor and according to results of Biological Risk Index, nickel and chromium were found to be the highest risk factors for Gala Lake and Irrigation Canal. As a result of the present study, it was also determined that heavy metal contents in sediments of Gala Lake National Park reached to critical levels and the system is intensively under effect of agricultural and industrial originated pollution.

EMET ÇAYI SU KALİTESİNİN MEVSİMSEL DEĞİŞİMİ

Emet Cayi Havzasi, Turkiye’nin en onemli nehir sistemlerinden biridir ve Emet Cayi Uluabat Golu’nu (Ramsar Alani) besleyen en onemli iki akarsudan biridir. Havzada yurutulen tarimsal ve endustriyel faaliyetler ve evsel atiklar sistem uzerinde yogun bir kirlilik baskisi olusturmaktadir. Bu calismada, biri Kinik Cayi uzerinde, biri Dursunbey Cayi uzerinde ve altisi Emet Cayi uzerinde olmak uzere Emet Cayi Havzasi’nda belirlenen toplam sekiz istasyondan mevsimsel olarak su ornekleri toplanmistir. Bolgenin su kalitesinin belirlenmesi icin bazi limnolojik parametreler (nitrat azotu, nitrit azotu, amonyum azotu, sulfat, ortafosfat ve BOI 5 ) arastirilmistir. Elde edilen veriler istatistiki olarak degerlendirilmis ve cesitli ulusal ve uluslararasi kuruluslar tarafindan bildirilen limit degerler ile karsilastirilmistir. Elde edilen verilere gore, havzanin onemli miktarda organik kirlilige maruz kaldigi tespit edilmistir.

Maden Havzası Balıklarında Vücut Ağırlığı ile Ağır Metal Biyoakümülasyon İlişkileri: Emet Çayı Havzası

Bildirildigi gibi, farkli fizyolojik yapilara sahip degisik balik turleri, agir metallere maruz kalma surelerine ve maruz kalinan metalin cesidine gore, agir metalleri farkli dokularda farkli miktarlarda biriktirmektedirler. Baliklarin yasi, dolayisiyla yasa paralel artis gosteren agirliklari, dokulardaki toksik element biyoakumulasyonlarinda onemli bir faktordur. Bu calismada, ulkemizin en onemli maden yataklarinin yer aldigi Emet Cayi uzerinde tespit edilen uc ve yine Emet Cayi Havzasi’nda yer alan Dursunbey Cayi uzerinde tespit edilen bir istasyondan mevsimsel olarak, havza icin en buyuk onem arz eden Squalius cii , Capoeta tinca ve Barbus oligolepis turleri, gerekli miktarlarda toplanmistir. Yakalanan baliklarin kas, solungac, karaciger ve bobrek dokularinda tespit edilen nikel, cinko, arsenik, bor, kadmiyum, bakir, mangan, kursun, gumus ve krom biyoakumulasyon seviyelerinin balik agirliklari ile iliskileri arastirilmistir. Elde edilen verilere, SPSS 17 istatistik programi kullanilarak Pearson Korelasyon Analizi uygulanmis, yuksek korelasyon gosteren degiskenlerin uc boyutlu regresyon grafikleri cizilmis ve regresyon katsayilari hesaplanmistir. Calismamiz sonucunda, balik dokularinda tespit edilen toksik element biyoakumulasyonlari ile baliklarin total agirlik verileri arasinda anlamli iliskiler kaydedilmistir.

AN EVALUATION OF WATER QALITY OF AKPINAR STREAM (DENİZLİ) WHERE TROUT PRODUCTION TAKES PLACE

In this study, 20 physicochemical parameters were measured mountly in 2007 and seasonaly in 2008 and 2009 on Akpinar Stream, which is located within the borders of Denizli and has 13 trout production facility. The data obtained were evaluated according to the fresh water fish directive which was agreed by the Commision of European Union (EC Directives) and Water Pollution Control Regulation Criteria. We determined that, the measured parameters on the first station do not constitute any risk for Salmonids and Cyprinids according to EC Directives and in the second station, the values of biological oxygen demand and nitrite were high enough to adversely affect the health of fish. There is not a significant difference between two stations for the parameters of oxygen, nitrate, total nitrogen, pH, chemical oxygen demand, acid binding capacity, total hardness and chlorine. The parametes of total suspended solids, ammonium, nitrite, secondary phosphate, total phosphorus, organic matter, ammonia, biological oxygen demand, turbidity, temperature and flow rate were significantly high in second station (p<0.05). The reason of high levels of the parameters especially origin of organic pollution in the secod station is fish feces and feed wastes which directly given into the water. Settling ponds should be used properly and controls should be provided to increase for more healty production.