Cesar Bernal-Torres

Soft Factors in the Management of Integration Supply Chains and/or Networks: Approximation to a Conceptual Model

This article analyzes the importance of soft factors in the interaction management in supply chains/networks, and presents a conceptual model that shows the role of these factors in these chains / networks. The review of the literature shows that soft determinants of integration and management of these chains correspond to intangible factors associated with the way organizations relate and behave. It was also found that, although the literature mentions several soft factors, almost always analyzed separately by the different authors, for this study, they are all grouped into three factors: social capital, organizational culture and knowledge management. These three factors are considered in the proposed model. The model suggests that all supply chain/network needs to be considered as a competitive strategy and for this it is necessary to consider these factors as relevant, in an integrated way, because they contribute to generate value in a sustainable way for each company as well as for all the companies and stakeholders of the chain / network.

Modelo de Innovación Abierta: Énfasis en el Potencial Humano

This article shows the design of an open innovation model that highlights the role of human talent as strategy to boost the sustainable innovation capacity of enterprises in developing countries. For the design of the model a review of the main articles published in the ISI, Scopus and Science Direct databases on the practice on open innovation was done. The literature review indicates that there are differences in the characteristics of companies from developed countries compared to companies from developing countries and that these practices affect the practice of open innovation. The proposed model indicates that the success of open innovation in enterprises is based on the interaction of the following key factors: human potential (axis of the model), organizational culture, strategy, organizational structure, use of information and communication technologies and the specific tools for this type of innovation.