Cevza Candan

Contribution of Fabric Characteristics and Laundering to Shrinkage of Weft Knitted Fabrics

Cotton and cotton/polyester blended weft knitted fabrics are prone to shrinkage during finishing processes and customer usage. The effect of various fabric characteristics on the shrinkage behavior of weft knits is as important as that of the fiber characteristics. In this work, three different single jersey knits with varying fabric tightnesses, yarn types, and fiber blends are selected for their characteristics. The contribution of each characteristic to shrinkage behavior is presented statistically using an analysis of variance. The fabrics are subjected to several laundering cycles followed by tumble drying. Changes in the dimensions are measured right after each process and cycle. Double pique knits shrink less widthwise but more lengthwise than the other knit types. Yam type and fiber blend have a relatively more significant contribution to fabric shrinkage lengthwise than widthwise. Knit loop formation is defined in each relaxation stage from dry relaxed to fully relaxed. The effect of dyeing on fabric relaxation is also studied.

A study of wicking properties of cotton-acrylic yarns and knitted fabrics

This paper investigated wicking properties of cotton-acrylic rotor yarns and knitted fabrics. The effect of yarn wicking on wicking of fabric in both wale and course directions was also discussed. One way ANOVA results of the experimental study suggested that wicking abilities of yarns and fabrics increased with the increase in acrylic content in the blends and with the use of coarse yarns. Besides, yarn wicking had a significant effect on fabric wicking.

Properties of Plain Knitted Fabrics from Chenille Yarns

In this experimental study, dimensional, physical, and visual properties of plain jersey knitted fabrics from chenille yarns are investigated as a function of component yarn count, pile length, laundering, and dry-cleaning. Based on the results, it is clear that the properties of component and pile yarns, together with laundering or dry-cleaning, affect the dimensional behavior of knits from chenille yarns. Dry-cleaned fabrics have the highest dimensional stability in general. Except for the dry relaxed fabrics, pile length has no significant effect on the abrasion resistance of dry-cleaned and laundered fabrics. The results also show that bursting strength mainly depends on the properties of the component yams, rather than the laundering and dry-cleaning processes, and that unlike knits from conventional yarns, the pilling tendency does not change in accordance with component and pile yarn properties and with laundering or dry-cleaning. Finally, it appears that surface properties such as softness, smoothness, and luster become much better as the component yarn count becomes finer and the pile length becomes longer. Tumble drying better satisfies the end-users expectations for knitted goods from chenille yarns with fine count component yarns and long piles.

Comparison of resonance frequency of a nanofibrous membrane and a homogeneous membrane structure

Fibrous textile materials are widely used in acoustic applications. However, the absorption of lower-frequency sound is problematic with fibrous material made up of coarser fibers. For this reason sound absorption materials effective at low frequencies are required. For low-frequency sound absorption the energy of sonic waves is absorbed by a thin nanofibrous layer in accordance with the principle of membrane resonance. This study deals with the acoustic behavior of a nanofibrous resonant membrane produced by needleless electrospinning. Using an experimental set-up involving a high-speed camera, it was attempted to predict the sound absorption behavior of a PVA nanofibrous membrane by determining its resonance frequency. The findings were compared with those from a homogeneous membrane structure in the form of a foil.

Impact of Finishing Processes on Flame Resistance of Knitted Fabric

In this study, knitted fabrics are chosen to investigate the effect of their finishing properties on flame resistance. Finishing processes (bleaching, dyeing, and some chemical additives used for bleaching and dyeing) that affect fabric flammability are defined and an experimental program is followed. The level of flammability of the treated fabrics is measured in accordance with the BS 5438 vertical flammability test method because its results are very similar to real fabric burning behavior. Finally, experimental results are evaluated according to a statistical analysis with the SPSS program, and how and at which level chemical parameters affect knitted fabric burning behavior is defined.

Performance of Bouclé Yarns in Various Knitted Fabric Structures

This experimental study mainly focuses on the effects of overfeed ratio, twist direction and amount of twist of the binder yarn, and the effect of yarn count on the properties of bouclé yarns and their performance in single jersey and rib (1 × 1) structures. Based on the results, it is evident that the twist direction of the binding and the effect yarns as well as changes in the overfeed ratio influence the amount and height of the effect of the bouclé yarns. It was observed that changes in the studied parameters affect the thickness and the abrasion behaviour of both types of fabric. Furthermore, the weight loss due to abrasion on the actual face and back of both single jersey and rib fabrics is influenced by the type of effect and the yarn material employed. The actual face and back of single jersey fabrics are less resistant to abrasion than the rib structures.

Effect of Gray Fabric Properties on Flame Resistance of Knitted Fabric

In this study, knitted fabrics that have been used extensively in recent years are chosen to investigate the effects of their properties on flame resistance. Physical parameters (fiber type and composition, yarn count, yarn twist coefficient, fabric design, weight per unit area, air permeability, fabric thickness, cover factor, loop density) that affect fabric flammability are defined and an experimental study is designed. The burning behavior of the all fabrics is evaluated using the BS 5438 vertical flammability test method because its results are very similar to real fabric burning behavior and it is more responsive than other test methods. Finally, experimental results are evaluated according to a MANOVA analysis using an SPSS statistical program. How and at which level knitted fabric param eters affect a fabrics burning behavior is defined, and regression models of these parameters are obtained. Using these regression models, the burning behavior of knitted fabrics is evaluated, and it is possible to rank them according to their burning character istics.

Laundry Performance: Effect of Detergent and Additives on Consumer Satisfaction

Abstract To identify key features in the perception of consumer satisfaction of washing performance, a survey among detergent users from five European countries was run. Respondents from each country were volunteers recruited through the Internet without previous selection criteria. The size of the sample (over 4,000 participants) and the wide geographical distribution of the respondents delivered a large set of data. According to the collected answers, respondents show a significant degree of satisfaction with the detergents they use, regardless of type and country. They were only dissatisfied by tough stains and exceptional problems with their wash loads. Detergent additives are widely used but the use and type of laundry additive showed significant differences from country to country. Respondents understood the usefulness of stain removers and showed a high degree of satisfaction using them. Damages to textiles, when it occurs, are not usually associated with the quality of the detergent used but with other factors in the washing process.

Properties of three-thread fleece fabrics

This study investigates the effect of course length and washing processes on the physical characteristics and shrinkage behavior of three-thread fleece fabrics. Three groups of fabrics in five different course length ranges are produced, and their areal density, fabric thickness, pilling, and abrasion resistance are measured in accordance with the relevant ISO and British Standards. The dimensional changes of the samples in both width- and length-wise directions, together with skewness (%), are also measured after washing and tumble-drying cycles. The experimental results are evaluated with the SPSS statistical program.

Utilizing Scanning Electron Microscopy Stereoscopy to Explain the Wear Behavior of Latch Needles

Knitting needles are the main elements for the knitting process and they are continuously in contact with fibers, yarns and contaminants existing in the structure of the yarns. In this study, the wear occurring inside latch needle hooks was examined empirically to explain how it is affected by the type of yarn and the machine parameters. The wear of the needle hook was represented numerically based on the technique of the comparison of local surface heights. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) stereoscopy was used for the evaluation of the hook surfaces. The average surface roughness parameter (Ra) was utilized for evaluating the wear inside the needle hooks, depending on various machine parameters such as yarn tension, knitting speed, etc., and on various yarn properties such as fiber type and yarn type. The results of this study showed that SEM stereoscopy can be used to understand the wear mechanism of the surfaces of needles. Both the statistical analysis of Ra measurements and SEM images supported the results.