Chander Bhan

Kinetics of Colour Changes in Marigold Petals during Microwave Drying

Microwave assisted convective dehydration of marigold species Pusa Narangi petals was carried out at three levels each of microwave power (140, 210 and 280 W), air temperature (30, 45 and 60°C) and a constant air velocity of 0.5 m/s. The experiment was laid out using full factorial CRD with three replications. The colour values L, a, b of the marigold petals was measured with Hunter Lab colourimeter which were found decreasing. There was change in chroma values of marigold is due to drying by using both combinations of microwave power level and temperature. The total colour change has been increased significantly during microwave drying with drying time.

Rationality judgment of traditional soil reclamation and soil fertility practices for sustainable agriculture by farm women

Farm women are the backbone of Indian culture. Eighty per cent of the economically active women are engaged in activities of sowing, transplanting, weeding, manuring, harvesting, threshing and storage etc. In true sense, farm women are the storehouse of indigenous knowledge and experience with respect to agriculture, which can form very good base for further development. Women can be extremely useful in identifying local farm resources, an aspect critical for success of agricultural production. They are diligent in showing the ways to develop traditional agricultural practices and strategies appropriate for local situations. There is an urgent need to blend modern scientific knowledge and the indigenous agricultural technologies to draw a line between the popular superstitions from rational indigenous technologies, so the later one deserve to be encouraged through scientific study and research. Higher productivity, cost effectiveness, non- polluting, hazardless ness, easy availability, stability, safety and sustainability are the basic characteristics of traditional agricultural practices, which DOI : 10.15740/HAS/AJSS/11.1/238-242 should be strengthened by scientific explanation and documentation.

Self-help groups: a tool of rural women economic upgradation.

is now being increasingly realized that instead of targeting the individuals in the process of development, it would be more useful to adopt the approach make available the collective wisdom and combined resources for any task. Though SHGs have gained access to all government officials, they have not become bold enough to speak out as demonstrated at some forums in the country. The present study carried out in Sriganganagar district of Rajasthan state during 2013-2014, revealed that members of the rural women’s SHGs have been benefited in many ways such as exposure to different development programmes of the Government, exposure to the banks as well as transactions, their confidence level has been increased because of their own savings and easy access to loan from SHG. There was a good impact on economic aspects of the members in their financial position, family income and improvement in the employment generation through different income generation activities. Major reasons for group formation by the rural women were to take advantage of group action (85%), followed by improved employment activities (79.17%), meeting for collective decisions (75%), overcoming exploitation of money lenders (75%), internal lending (66.67%), improved social participation (66.67%), saving money regularly (62.50%) and general income (54.17%). The social impacts of SHGs on rural women were exposure to different development departments and participations in meetings, decision making and exposure to banks as well as to transactions. The most influential change was observed in loan borrowing pattern of the SHG members as most of them had developed their own funds, were able to transact with the banks and the borrowing of loans from the money lenders had reduced to considerable extent. The major impacts like improvement in the economic status of the family (80.83%),avoiding exploitation by money lenders (77.33%), easy to get money in emergency situation and facilitates savings (73.33%) have been witnessed for the empowerment of women. The reduced rate of bank interest, simple procedure to be followed for releasing the loan, marketing and transport facilities to be improved, training on skill improvement, increase in the duration of the training, enhanced repayment period were the other suggestions highlighted the strengthening of rural women SHGs in order to provide more opportunity for empowerment of farm women.