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Featured researches published by Changxing Wu.


Chemosphere | 2012

Toxicity assessment of 45 pesticides to the epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida

Yanhua Wang; Shenggan Wu; Liping Chen; Changxing Wu; Ruixian Yu; Qiang Wang; Xueping Zhao

This study was conducted to investigate comparative toxicity of 45 pesticides, including insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, and herbicides, toward the epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida. Results from a 48-h filter paper contact test indicated that clothianidin, fenpyroximate, and pyridaben were supertoxic to E. fetida with LC(50) values ranging from 0.28 (0.24-0.35) to 0.72 (0.60-0.94) μg cm(-2), followed by carbaryl, pyridaphenthion, azoxystrobin, cyproconazole, and picoxystrobin with LC(50) values ranging from 2.72 (2.22-0.3.19) to 8.48 (7.38-10.21) μg cm(-2), while the other pesticides ranged from being relatively nontoxic to very toxic to the worms. When tested in artificial soil for 14 d, clothianidin and picoxystrobin showed the highest intrinsic toxicity against E. fetida, and their LC(50) values were 6.06 (5.60-6.77) and 7.22 (5.29-8.68) mg kg(-1), respectively, followed by fenpyroximate with an LC(50) of 75.52 (68.21-86.57) mgkg(-1). However, the herbicides fluoroglycofen, paraquat, and pyraflufen-ethyl exhibited the lowest toxicities with LC(50) values>1000 mg kg(-1). In contrast, the other pesticides exhibited relatively low toxicities with LC(50) values ranging from 133.5 (124.5-150.5) to 895.2 (754.2-1198.0) mg kg(-1). The data presented in this paper provided useful information for evaluating the potential risk of these chemicals to soil invertebrates.


Journal of Economic Entomology | 2012

Assessment of Toxicity Risk of Insecticides Used in Rice Ecosystem on Trichogramma japonicum, an Egg Parasitoid of Rice Lepidopterans

Xueping Zhao; Changxing Wu; Yanhua Wang; Tao Cang; Liping Chen; Ruixian Yu; Qiang Wang

ABSTRACT Both chemical and biological methods are essential for control of insects, for example, lepidopterans, on rice. Thus, it is important to know the effect of chemicals on the biological control agents. In this study, we assessed the toxicity of commonly used insecticides on a biological control agent, Trichogramma japonicum Ahmead (an egg parasitoid of rice lepidopterans) by using a dry film residue method. Results showed that thirty insecticides from seven chemical classes exhibited various degree of toxicity to this parasitoid. Among the seven classes of chemicals tested, organophosphates (chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, phoxim, profenofos, and triazophos) and carbamates (carbaryl, carbsulfan, isoprocarb, metolcarb, and promecarb) exhibited the highest intrinsic toxicity to T. japponicum, with an LC50 of 0.035 (0.029–0.044) to 0.49 (0.34–0.87) mg active ingredient (a.i.) L-1, followed by antibiotics (abamectin, emamectin benzoate, and ivermectin), phenylpyrazoles (butane-fipronil, ethiprole, and fipronil), pyrethroids (cyhalthrin, Cypermethrin, fenpropathrin, and lambda-cyhaothrin), and neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam). Moreover, the insect growth regulator insecticides (chlorfluazuron, fufenozide, hexaflumuron and tebufenozide) exhibited the lowest toxicity to the wasps with an LC50 of 3,383 (2406–5499) to 30206 (23107–41008) mg a.i. L-1. Risk quotient analysis showed that phenylpyrazoles, pyrethroids, insect growth regulators, neonicotinoids (with the exception of thiamethoxam), and antibiotics (with the exception of abamectin) are classified as safe agents to the parasitoid, while organophosphates and carbamates are classified as slightly, moderately, or highly toxic agents to the parasitoid. The data presented in this paper provided useful information on the selection of compatible insecticides with T. japonicum.


Fish & Shellfish Immunology | 2014

Embryonic exposure to carbendazim induces the transcription of genes related to apoptosis, immunotoxicity and endocrine disruption in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Jinhua Jiang; Shenggan Wu; Changxing Wu; Xuehua An; Leiming Cai; Xueping Zhao

Carbendazim is one of the most widespread environmental contaminant that can cause major concern to human and animal reproductive system. To date, very few studies have been conducted on the toxic effect of carbendazim in the non-target organism zebrafish (Danio rerio). The study presented here aimed to assess how carbendazim triggers apoptosis, immunotoxicity and endocrine disruption pathways in zebrafish during its embryo development. Our results demonstrated that the expression patterns of many key genes involved in cell apoptosis pathway (e.g. P53, Mdm2, Bbc3 and Cas8) were significantly up-regulated upon the exposure to carbendazim at the concentration of 500 μg/L, while the Bcl2 and Cas3 were down-regulated at the same concentration, interestingly, the expression level of Ogg1 decreased at all the exposure concentrations. It was also observed that the mRNA levels of CXCL-C1C, CCL1, IL-1b and TNFα which were closely related to the innate immune system, were affected in newly hatched zebrafish after exposed to different concentrations of carbendazim. Moreover, the expression of genes that are involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal/thyroid (HPG/HPT) axis including VTG, ERα, ERβ2, Dio1, Dio2, Thraa and Thrb were all down-regulated significantly after the exposure to carbendazim. The expression levels of two cytochrome P450 aromatases CYP19a and CYP19b were increased significantly after 20 and 100 μg/L carbendazim exposure, respectively. Taken together, our results indicated that carbendazim had the potential to induce cell apoptosis and cause immune toxicity as well as endocrine disruption in zebrafish during the embryo developmental stage. The information presented here also help to elucidate the environmental risks caused by the carbendazim-induced toxicity in aquatic organisms.


Toxicology in Vitro | 2015

Carbendazim has the potential to induce oxidative stress, apoptosis, immunotoxicity and endocrine disruption during zebrafish larvae development.

Jinhua Jiang; Shenggan Wu; Yanhua Wang; Xuehua An; Leiming Cai; Xueping Zhao; Changxing Wu

Increasing evidence have suggested deleterious effects of carbendazim on reproduction, apoptosis, immunotoxicity and endocrine disruption in mice and rats, however, the developmental toxicity of carbendazim to aquatic organisms remains obscure. In the present study, we utilized zebrafish as an environmental monitoring model to characterize the effects of carbendazim on expression of genes related to oxidative stress, apoptosis, immunotoxicity and endocrine disruption during larval development. Different trends in gene expression were observed upon exposing the larvae to 4, 20, 100, and 500 μg/L carbendazim for 4 and 8d. The mRNA levels of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and manganese superoxide dismutase (CAT, GPX, and Mn/SOD) were up-regulated after exposure to different concentrations of carbendazim for 4 or 8d. The up-regulation of p53, Apaf1, Cas8 and the down-regulation of Bcl2, Mdm2, Cas3 in the apoptosis pathway, as well as the increased expression of cytokines and chemokines, including CXCL-C1C, CCL1, IL-1b, IFN, IL-8, and TNFα, suggested carbendazim might trigger apoptosis and immune response during zebrafish larval development. In addition, the alteration of mRNA expression of VTG, ERα, ERβ1, ERβ2, TRα, TRβ, Dio1, and Dio2 indicated the potential of carbendazim to induce endocrine disruption in zebrafish larvae. These data suggested that carbendazim could simultaneously induce multiple responses during zebrafish larval development, and bidirectional interactions among oxidative stress, apoptosis pathway, immune and endocrine systems might be present.


Pest Management Science | 2014

Toxicity risk of insecticides to the insect egg parasitoid Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Yanhua Wang; Changxing Wu; Tao Cang; Lizhi Yang; Weihua Yu; Xueping Zhao; Qiang Wang; Leiming Cai

BACKGROUND Natural populations of Trichogramma evanescens contribute to the control of lepidopterous pests. The toxic effects of insecticides have been extensively reported on trichogrammatids, but are largely unknown on T. evanescens. In this study, the toxicities of seven classes of chemicals against the parasitoid were investigated. RESULTS Among these classes, organophosphates and carbamates exhibited the highest levels of intrinsic toxicity, with LC50 values ranging from 0.025 (0.023-0.028) to 2.20 (1.71-3.09) and from 0.040 (0.032-0.053) to 1.84 (1.53-2.30) mg AI L(-1) respectively. Among the phenylpyrazoles, only ethiprole can be considered to be less toxic in the group. Avermectins, pyrethroids and neonicotinoids were less toxic, with LC50 values ranging from 1.29 to 2.57, from 2.26 to 14.03 and from 1.12 to 239.1 mg AI L(-1) respectively. In contrast, insect growth regulators (IGRs) showed the lowest toxicity to the parasitoid, with LC50 values ranging from 3383 (2406-5499) to 5650 (4228-8579) mg AI L(-1) . CONCLUSION The results of risk quotient analysis indicated that neonicotinoids, avermectins, pyrethroids and IGRs were less hazardous, but phenylpyrazoles (except for ethiprole), organophosphates and carbamates were slightly to moderately or dangerously toxic to T. evanescens. The present results provide informative data for implementing biological and chemical control strategies in integrated pest management of lepidopterans.


Pest Management Science | 2012

Insecticide toxic effects on Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae).

Yanhua Wang; Liping Chen; Ruixian Yu; Xueping Zhao; Changxing Wu; Tao Cang; Qiang Wang

BACKGROUND The parasitoid Trichogramma ostriniae (Pang and Chen) is a major natural enemy of many lepidopterans, but only a few studies have been conducted on the compatibility of biological and chemical controls. In this study, the selectivity of 30 insecticides to T. ostriniae adults was evaluated. RESULTS Among the seven classes of chemicals tested, organophosphates and carbamates had the highest intrinsic toxicity to the wasp, with LC(50) values ranging from 0.032 (0.029-0.038) to 2.38 (1.91-3.15) mg AI L(-1). They are followed by phenylpyrazoles, avermectins, neonicotinoids and pyrethroids, which induce variable toxicity responses, with LC(50) values ranging from 0.14 (0.11-0.21) to 56.67 (48.94-67.24) mg AI L(-1), from 2.57 (1.85-4.28) to 4.48 (3.34-6.83) mg AI L(-1), from 2.48 (1.80-4.03) to 503.6 (457.6-557.5) mg AI L(-1) and from 5.44 (3.95-8.84) to 104.2 (92.48-119.7) mg AI L(-1) respectively. The insect growth regulators (IGRs) exhibited least toxicity to the parasitoid. CONCLUSION Risk quotient analysis classifies neonicotinoids, avermectins, pyrethroids, IGRs and phenylpyrazoles (with the exception of butane-fipronil and fipronil) as safe agents to the parasitoid, but categorises organophosphates and carbamates as slightly to moderately toxic or dangerous to T. ostriniae.


Human and Ecological Risk Assessment | 2015

Potential Dermal Exposure and Risk Assessment for Applicators of Chlorothalonil and Chlorpyrifos in Cucumber Greenhouses in China

Xuehua An; Xiaofeng Ji; Jinhua Jiang; Yanhua Wang; Changxing Wu; Xueping Zhao

ABSTRACT Occupational exposure to pesticides has not been conducted in depth so far in China. The potential dermal exposure and risk assessment were conducted for applicators through application with a knapsack power sprayer in cucumber greenhouses. The spray suspension was prepared with 75% chlorothalonil WP and 48% chlorpyrifos EC. The dermal patch method was applied to assess the potential dermal exposure (PDE) of applicators during application. The average total PDE on the whole body of applicators during application of chlorothalonil and chlorpyrifos was 83.2 mL h−1 and 85.1 mL h−1, respectively. The most exposed part of the body was arms, especially the right arm. For risk assessment, the margin of safety (MOS) was calculated from the PDE. The MOS values were 0.1 and 0.2 for application of chlorothalonil and chlorpyrifos, respectively, both less than 1, which indicated low possibility of health risk.


Gene | 2013

Identification and mRNA expression profile of glutamate receptor-like gene in quinclorac-resistant and susceptible Echinochloa crus-galli.

Gang Li; Shenggan Wu; Leiming Cai; Qiang Wang; Xueping Zhao; Changxing Wu

Animal ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) function as Ca(2+) ion channels during excitatory neurotransmission in nerve cells. Here, a glutamate receptor-like gene (GLR) was identified and characterized from a plant - Echinochloa crus-galli. The GLR gene was designated EcGLR1 with GenBank no: JX518597. It has a 2,793 bp open reading frame predicted to encode a 101.7 kDa protein. Sequence alignment showed that EcGLR1 is a GLR homologue. Its expression in response to quinclorac treatment was assessed by real-time PCR in near-isogenic lines of quinclorac-resistant (R) and susceptible (S) biotypes of E. crus-galli. The expression of EcGLR1 in the seedling leaf and root at least increased 5 times in the S plants and 22 times in the R plants after exposure to quinclorac. In the adult plant leaves, roots and stems, its expression increased 11-14 times in the S plants and 23-25 times in the R plants after quinclorac stimulation. In the seed, its expression was 4 times less in the S plants than that in the R plants, but after treatment, the levels all increased by about 24 times in the two biotypes. EcGLR1 expression was 1-4 times greater in the R plants than in that in the S plants, and after treatment by quinclorac, the difference increased to a ratio of 4 to 9. Its expression was higher in all tissues tested of R biotypes than in that of S plants before or after quinclorac treatment. The results of this study provide basic information for the further research of function of the EcGLR1 in resistance to quinclorac in E. crus-galli.


한국잡초학회 별책(학술대회 초록집) | 2011

Evaluation on Phytotoxicity of Citrus Peel Extracts to Weeds

Xuehua An; Xueping Zhao; Qiang Wang; Xiaofeng Ji; Changxing Wu


Archive | 2011

New methods for detecting drug resistance of cockspur grass to quinclorac

Gang Li; Shenggan Wu; Changxing Wu; Xueping Zhao; Qiang Wang; Liping Chen; Tao Cang; Ruixian Yu; Haiying Ren

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