Chanwit Suriyachadkun

Planotetraspora thailandica sp. nov., isolated from soil in Thailand.

A Gram-positive-staining, filamentous bacterial strain that developed cylindrical sporangia containing four oval- to rod-shaped spores at the ends of short sporangiophores on branched aerial mycelium was isolated from tropical rainforest soil near a hot spring. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid and alanine as cell-wall amino acids; the whole-cell hydrolysate contained rhamnose, madurose, glucose, galactose and 3-O-methylmannose as whole-cell sugars. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H(4)). Mycolic acids were not detected. The diagnostic phospholipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C(16 : 0) and 10-methylated C(17 : 0). The G+C content of the DNA was 71.1 mol%. The phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses showed that the isolate had characteristics typical of members of the genus Planotetraspora. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also indicated that this strain belongs to the genus Planotetraspora, but as a putative novel species. Following phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the isolate is proposed to be a representative of a novel species, to be named Planotetraspora thailandica sp. nov. The type strain is BCC 21825(T) (=NBRC 104271(T)). An emended description of the genus Planotetraspora is also presented.

Micromonospora spongicola sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from a marine sponge in the Gulf of Thailand

An actinomycete strain, S3-1T, was isolated from marine sponge sample collected from the Gulf of Thailand. The strain is aerobic, Gram-positive and produced single spores at the tip of the substrate mycelium. Strain S3-1T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, glucose, rhamnose, ribose and xylose. The polar lipid profile of strain S3-1T consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, phosphoglycolipid and unknown polar lipids. Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the strain were identified as a member of the genus Micromonospora. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the strain showed similarity to Micromonospora nigra DSM 43818T (98.8%), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.7%) and Micromonospora narathiwatensis BTG4-1T (98.6%). The DNA G+C content was 72.7 mol%. The phenotypic characteristics and DNA–DNA relatedness values supported that the classification of this strain as a novel species in the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora spongicola sp. nov. (type strain S3-1T =BCC 45595T=NBRC 108779T) is proposed.

Micromonospora sediminicola sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment

An actinomycete strain, designated strain SH2-13(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the Andaman Sea of Thailand. Applying a polyphasic approach, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Micromonospora using morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, including the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. Whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, glucose, rhamnose, ribose and xylose. Diagnostic polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and phosphoglycolipids. The major menaquinones were MK-10(H(2)), MK-10(H(4)) and MK-10(H(6)). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed similarity to Micromonospora marina JSM1-1(T) (99.1 %), Micromonospora coxensis 2-30-b(28)(T) (99.1 %), Micromonospora aurantiaca DSM 43813(T) (98.8 %) and Micromonospora chalcea DSM 43026(T) (98.7 %). However, a combination of DNA-DNA hybridization results and phenotypic properties indicated that strain SH2-13(T) ( = NBRC 107934(T) = BCC 45601(T)) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species, with the proposed name Micromonospora sediminicola sp. nov.

Verrucosispora andamanensis sp. nov., isolated from a marine sponge.

An actinomycete strain, SP03-05(T), was isolated from a marine sponge sample (Xestospongia sp.) collected from Phuket Province of Thailand. The strain was aerobic, Gram-stain-positive and produced single spores at the tips of the substrate mycelium. Strain SP03-05(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, glucose, rhamnose, ribose and xylose. The polar lipid profile of strain SP03-05(T) consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and unknown polar lipids. Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the strain identified it as a member of the family Micromonosporaceae. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed similarity of the strain to Verrucosispora lutea YIM 013(T) (96.90 %), Verrucosispora sediminis MS426(T) (96.90 %), Verrucosispora gifhornensis DSM 44337(T) (96.80 %), Verrucosispora maris AB-18-032(T) (96.80 %) and Verrucosispora qiuiae RtIII47(T) (95.40 %). The DNA G+C content was 72.4 mol%. The phenotypic, genotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization results supported the classification of this strain as a representative of a novel species in the genus Verrucosispora, for which the name Verrucosispora andamanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SP03-05(T) ( = BCC 45620(T) = NBRC 109075(T)).

Kutzneria buriramensis sp. nov., isolated from soil, and emended description of the genus Kutzneria

A Gram-staining-positive, filamentous bacterium, which developed large globose sporangia at the ends of long sporangiophores on aerial mycelium, was isolated from dry soil collected in a deciduous forest in Thailand. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the novel bacterium, which was designated strain A-T 1846(T), contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars comprised rhamnose, ribose, mannose, glucose and galactose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H(4)). Mycolic acids were not detected. The identified phospholipids were phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C(16:0), iso-C(16 : 0) 2-OH and C(16 : 0) 10-methyl. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72 mol%. The phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the novel strain resembled those of established members of the genus Kutzneria. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences also indicated that this strain belonged to the genus Kutzneria but as a representative of a putative novel species. In hybridization experiments, the DNA-DNA relatedness values recorded between the novel strain and established members of the genus Kutzneria all fell well below 70 %. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic evidence and the results of the DNA-DNA hybridizations, strain A-T 1846(T) represents a novel species in the genus Kutzneria, for which the name Kutzneria buriramensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A-T 1846(T) (=BCC 29373(T) =NBRC 107931(T)). An emended description of the genus Kutzneria is provided.

Dactylosporangium maewongense sp. nov., isolated from soil

Morphological and chemotaxonomic characterization of actinomycete strain MW2-25(T), isolated from tropical forest soil in Nakhon Sawan Province, Thailand, clearly demonstrated that this strain belongs to the genus Dactylosporangium. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences also indicated that this strain should be classified in the genus Dactylosporangium and showed that the closest relative was Dactylosporangium aurantiacum IFO 12592(T) (99.3 % sequence similarity). DNA-DNA hybridization values and some physiological and biochemical properties indicated that this strain could be readily distinguished from its closest phylogenetic relatives. On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Dactylosporangium maewongense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MW2-25(T) (=BCC 34832(T)=JCM 15933(T)).

Herbidospora sakaeratensis sp. nov., isolated from soil, and reclassification of Streptosporangium claviforme as a later synonym of Herbidospora cretacea

An actinomycete strain, DMKUA 205(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve in Nakhonratchasima Province, Thailand. The novel strain produced short chains of non-motile spores on the tips of long sporophores branching from the vegetative hyphae. The morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of this new isolate corresponded to those of members of the genus Herbidospora. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain was closely related to members of the genus Herbidospora. Phenotypic properties and DNA-DNA relatedness values differentiated the new strain from its closest phylogenetic relatives Herbidospora yilanensis 0351M-12(T) (35-54 % DNA-DNA relatedness) and Herbidospora daliensis 0385M-1(T) (58-65 % relatedness). On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain DMKUA 205(T) could be clearly distinguished from the type strains of H. yilanensis and H. daliensis. Therefore, strain DMKUA 205(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Herbidospora sakaeratensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain DMKUA 205(T) ( = BCC 11662(T) = NBRC 102641(T)). In addition, the DNA-DNA hybridization results from this study revealed that Streptosporangium claviforme is a later synonym of Herbidospora cretacea.

Sphaerisporangium krabiense sp. nov., isolated from soil.

A Gram-staining-positive, filamentous bacterial strain, designated A-T 0308(T), was isolated from soil of a tropical mangrove forest in Thailand. Strain A-T 0308(T) developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelium. The novel strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, N-acetyl-type peptidoglycan and madurose, mannose, ribose, galactose and glucose as whole-cell sugars. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H(4)) and MK-9(H(6)); a small amount of MK-9(H(2)) and MK-9 was also detected. Mycolic acids were not detected. The diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and phosphoglycolipid. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C(16:0) and 10-methylated C(17:0). The G+C content of the DNA was 72 mol%. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses showed that the novel isolate had characteristics typical of members of the genus Sphaerisporangium. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also indicated that the strain belongs to the genus Sphaerisporangium and that it represents a clade distinct from other members of the genus with sequence similarities ranging from 96.3 to 97.8% between the novel strain and its closest relatives. Based on the results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic studies, strain A-T 0308(T) (=BCC 21702(T) =NBRC 107571(T)) represents a novel species of the genus Sphaerisporangium, for which the name Sphaerisporangium krabiense sp. nov. is proposed.

Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the stem of Stahlianthus campanulatus

A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain SC1-1T, was isolated from sterilized stem tissue from Stahlianthus campanulatus collected in Udon Thani province, Thailand. The isolate formed short chains of spores on aerial mycelium and presented meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan. Glucose, madurose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose were observed as sugars in the cells. The cell membrane phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and ninhydrin-positive phosphoglycolipids. The major menaquinones were MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H2). The main cellular fatty acids were iso-C16:0, 10-methyl C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) was present in the genomic DNA. The taxonomic position based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SC1-1T belonged to the genus Nonomuraea and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value with Nonomuraea dietziae DSM 44320T (98.82 %), followed by Nonomuraea africana IFO 14745T (98.58 %), Nonomuraea jabiensis A4036T (98.43 %), Nonomuraea endophytica YIM 65601T (98.36 %), Nonomuraea purpurea 1SM4-01T (98.34 %), Nonomuraea angiospora IFO 13155T (98.29 %), Nonomuraea roseola IFO 14685T (98.23 %) and Nonomuraea recticatena IFO 14525T (98.23 %). On the basis of the DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness and including the physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain SC1-1T should be judged as a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain SC1-1T (=BCC 66361T=NBRC 110006T).

Dactylosporangium siamense sp. nov., isolated from soil

A novel actinomycete strain, designed MW4-36(T), was isolated from tropical forest soil in Nakhon Sawan Province, Thailand. Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of this strain clearly demonstrated that it belongs to the genus Dactylosporangium. The strain formed finger-shaped sporangia on short sporangiophores that emerged directly from substrate hyphae. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glutamic acid, glycine, alanine and meso-diaminopimelic acid including 3-hydroxy-meso-diaminopimelic acid; arabinose, glucose, rhamnose, ribose and xylose were found as whole-cell sugars. The diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol; no phosphatidylcholine was found. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H6). Mycolic acids were not detected. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences also indicated that the strain should be classified in the genus Dactylosporangium and showed that the closest relative was Dactylosporangium maewongense JCM 15933(T) (99.4 % similarity). These taxonomic data revealed that strain MW4-36(T) could be readily distinguished from its phylogenetically closest relative. On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, strain MW4-36(T) is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Dactylosporangium siamense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MW4-36(T) ( = BCC 34901(T) = NBRC 106093(T)).