Charles C. Cowell

Factor Analysis of Motor Aptitude of Preadolescent Boys

Abstract The application of factor analysis with varimax orthogonal rotation was used to extract five factors from the intercorrelations of 25 items which authorities claim measure motor aptitude. The factors underlying the 25 items utilized in the study seemed to permit the following names: speed, growth and maturity classification, kinesthetic memory of the arms, body balance on objects, and body balance on the floor (not on objects).

Validating an Index of Social Adjustment for High School Use

Abstract Social adjustment and socialization by means of games, sports, and other physical education activities have always been objectives of physical education. This study represents an effort to develop and validate an instrument which will quantify the degree of social adjustment and screen out those students requiring special consideration and guidance. A Behavior Trend Index of 20 dichotomous behavior items and scale norms for the same are provided.

Relationships Between Selected Social and Physical Factors

Abstract Interrelationships between personal distance (degree of personell acceptance), motor fitness, and athletic aptitude were studied using 83 boys in the 10-12 year age range. The relationship of athletic aptitude to leadership was studied in the same group. Another group of 75 boys of junior high school age was used to study the interrelationships between social adjustment, motor fitness, and athletic aptitude. In still another group of 45 freshmen university football squad members, the relation of personal distance scores to football ability, as judged on a man-to-man rating basis on nine items, was studied. All relationships were found to be positive, moderate, and significant at the 1 percent level of confidence.

Purdue Motor Fitness Test Batteries and a Development Profile for Pre-Adolescent Boys

Abstract A study was conducted to develop four Purdue Motor Fitness Test batteries. The regression equations associated with them are listed as follows: PMFT No. I = 3.319 standing broad jump + 1.596 softball throw for distance + 15.371 chins + 188.640 (standard error of estimate = 30.730) PMFT No. II = 2.124 softball throw for distance + 19.373 chins + 331.32 (standard error of estimate = 34.373) PMFT No. III = 1.653 softball throw + 5.437 standing broad jump + 91.700 (standard error of estimate = 43.209) PMFT No. IV = 6.097 standing broad jump + 15.858 chins + 174.130 (standard error of estimate = 43.633) A meaningful physical education profile scale was also developed.

Test of Ability to Recognize the Operation of Certain Principles Important to Physical Education

Abstract A preliminary test composed of 90 items culled from an original 100 was administered to 288 college seniors or masters candidates in professional physical education from seven universities. Statistical purification resulted in the retention of 50 of the original items on the basis of their respective indexes of discriminating power and degree of difficulty. The internal consistency reliability coefficient of .78 on the 50-item test was deemed satisfactory for a test which is a composite of a number of factors such as general intelligence and knowledge of social psychology, physiology, mental hygiene, and numerous other disciplines from which the principles related to physical education situations were drawn.1

How Can Health and Physical Education Promote International Understanding

of the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation. She is currently co-ordinator of the State Chairmen of International Relations of the National Section in International Relations of the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation. Charles C. Cowell is a Graduate Professor of Physical Education at Purdue University, Purdue, Indiana. He has traveled widely and recently served as Professor of Physical Education at Roberts College in Istanbul, Turkey, and as Regional Director for Epirus—UNRRA Greece Mission. He is the author of Scientific Foundations of Physical Education with Dr. Helen Hazelton and Curriculum Designs in Physical Edu-