Charles E. Connerly

Comparing two global measures of perceived neighborhood quality

This article examines and compares two global measures of perceived neighborhood quality: satisfaction and attachment. In doing this, the article expands upon the general satisfaction model by developing and testing a model of perceived neighborhood quality which is appropriate to both of these summary measures. Using survey data, the article demonstrates that satisfaction and attachment are each affected by social interaction in the neighborhood and that each can be distinguished by how strongly it taps the cognitive and affective components of well-being. The article also demonstrates the differential impact of general and local social status variables on each of the global measures as well as the impact of perceived homogeneity.

A Survey and Assessment of Housing Trust Funds in the United States

Abstract Housing trust funds in the United States are a state and local response to declining federal support for affordable housing. This article surveys some sample housing trust funds in terms of their basic characteristics, their effectiveness as replacements for federal housing programs, and their replicability. The article concludes that while housing trust funds have the potential to replace federal spending in some jurisdictions, their replication is limited by their dependence on real estate taxes and fees. Moreover, housing trust funds frequently produce small levels of revenue and even at their best fail to come close to equaling the federal level of support for housing prior to the Reagan-Bush budget cuts. Moreover, housing trust funds are less likely than many federal programs to benefit the lowest income households or to provide long-term afford-ability.

What Should Be Done with the Public Housing Program

Abstract Efforts by the Reagan administration to discontinue production and to reduce the existing stock of public housing raise the question whether the nation needs a program that subsidizes the public ownership of rental housing. In this article I examine the advantages of the public housing program and its problems, then describe and analyze Reagan administration efforts to reduce the public housing stock. I also discuss the prospects for development of new public housing and suggest that community development organizations be viewed as desirable sponsors of public housing.

From Racial Zoning to Community Empowerment The Interstate Highway System and the African American Community in Birmingham, Alabama

This article shows how Birminghams interstate highway system attempted to maintain the racial boundaries that had been established by the citys 1926 racial zoning law. It shows how the construction of interstate highways through black neighborhoods in the city led to significant population loss in those neighborhoods and is associated with an increase in neighborhood racial change. Finally, the article shows how the citys black community moved from a position of quietly protesting the interstate highway system to one in which a black neighborhood forced government to alter plans that would have destroyed a section of a predominantly black public housing project. In so doing, the article shows how black neighborhoods, over time, moved from a position of adapting to the racial aspects of various planning tools to one in which they sought to modify these tools so that they would benefit, or at least not harm, the black community.

Growth Management Concern: The Impact of Its Definition on Support for Local Growth Controls

This article extends research reported by Van Liere and Dunlap (1981) by analyzing the degree to which support for controlling local population growth is affected by how growth controls are defined. Specifically, growth management concern is distinguished by general and specific definitions, with the latter including support for specific growth policies and support for growth controls in the face of explicit costs. The article examines how these definitions of growth management concern relate to each other, to a measure of support for environmental protection, and to various respondent characteristics, including social status and political ideology. Results show that how growth management is measured does make a difference, in some cases, when individual responses are classified by social status or ideology.

Explanations for the eclipse of United States public housing development: 1961–80

Abstract Despite the Reagan cutbacks in US housing programs, the public housing programs role in housing development had been greatly diminished in the 20 years prior to 1981. The diminution of public housing development over this time was not caused by insufficient need for public housing or because the program had failed in providing decent, affordable housing for low‐income households. Instead, public housings decline as a source of new subsidised housing appears due substantially to factors external to the program. These factors include: 1) growing acceptance, by both government and business, of direct business participation in the delivery of government social services, including housing; 2) increased use of federal monies, especially in the 1960s, to subsidise the construction industry, with a consequent relative decline in resources for programs housing low‐income households; 3) the faltering image of the public housing program, which loomed much larger than the reality, 4) delays in construction...

Smart Growth: Opportunity or Threat to Affordable Housing?

This unique book allows readers to compare analyses of how North American states and European nation-states use incentives, regulations or plans to approach a core set of universal land use issues such as: containing sprawl, mixed use development, transit oriented development, affordable housing, healthy urban designs, and marketing smarter growth.

Symposium on Woods's Development Arrested:

“Planning history” might at first impression sound like a narrow field. But a forum such as this one underscores the extraordinarily broad and interdisciplinary reach of research that contributes to our understanding of how cities and regions have been shaped. The history of planning offers an unusual opportunity to investigate the past with an unapologetic eye toward the present and the future. The very nature of the topic invites these multiple orientations. This forum on Clyde Woods’s Development Arrested: Race, Power, and the Blues in the Mississippi Delta is intended to raise a set of issues that reframe the past in startling ways, integrate the multiple orientations of planning history, and challenge readers to weigh the implications for their own work, academic and otherwise. Here, George Lipsitz, Charles E. Connerly, June Manning Thomas, Bobby M. Wilson, and author Clyde Woods carry the vital exchange of a session at the November 2003 Society for American City and Regional Planning History conference into printed form. The contributors draw upon the fields of history, American studies, geography, ethnic studies, African American studies, and planning as they engage with and extend Woods’s insights. The Journal of Planning History expects that this exchange will help readers see, from their own different perspectives, reasons for rethinking the way they teach U.S. history surveys, as well as new frameworks for understanding contemporary planning practices, to name two disparate examples. Woods’s work also highlights the potentially transformative outcome of incorporating more grassroots and indigenous community development initiatives into the history of

Educational Partnerships for Innovation in Communities (EPIC): Harnessing University Resources to Create Change

University–community collaborations, that is partnerships between universities and community organizations, cities, etc., have significant potential to advance both, education and urban innovation. Urban areas face a number of constraints in identifying and advancing innovations as city and community leaders may lack access to the latest scientific evidence and examples of best practice. Additionally, administrative structures can hinder interdisciplinary interactions between departments and the nature of decision-making in the urban political context overall tends to contribute to a culture of risk aversion that undermines creative problem solving. Universities can help communities address these challenges by channeling the work of faculty and students to critical problems and opportunities facing urban areas while at the same time universities and their faculty and students benefit from engagement with the realities of urban planning and decision-making. In 2009, a new, unique, large-scale, and purposeful university–community partnership program was developed at the University of Oregon to help bridge the city–university gap and in 2016 over twenty-five other universities have subsequently adopted and adapted what is now known as an “Educational Partnership for Innovation in Communities (EPIC)” framework. This chapter describes the replicable framework and highlights three university-based programs, all of which include substantial engagement of urban planning programs. Further, the chapter makes the case for campus and societal leadership by planning educators and programs across the globe.

Planning for Floods at the University of Iowa: A Challenge for Resilience and Sustainability

Why does a large institution build in a flood-prone area and how does it respond when flooding causes great damage? This is a case study of a major flood event—the 2008 Iowa–Cedar River flood—and the University of Iowa, whose recovery is expected to cost about US