Charles G. Zubrod

Studies on the Chemotherapy of the Human Malarias. IX. Effect of Pamaquine on the Blood Cells of Man.

Pamaquine (6-methoxy-8-amino [N-diethylaminoisopentyl] quinoline) is recognized to be a potentially dangerous drug. However, a definitive appraisal of its hazard had not been achieved at a time when the further exploration of the antimalarial activity of the 8-aminoquinolines was considered advisable. Pamaquine toxicity can involve the gastro-intestinal tract, the central nervous system, and the circulating blood. Symptoms referable to the gastro-intestinal tract and the central nervous system may be annoying, but there is no evidence that they constitute a hazard to life or persist beyond the termination of therapy. Effects on the blood do constitute a serious hazard and are considered in this paper.

STUDIES ON THE CHEMOTHERAPY OF THE HUMAN MALARIAS. VII. THE ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY OF PAMAQUINE

Pamaquine, synthesized in 1926, was introduced in the treatment of malaria as a schizonticide. It was soon found, however, that the great schizonticidal activity which it possessed in cathemerium malaria of canaries did not obtain in the human malarias. It was shown to be relatively ineffective in acute attacks of vivax malaria and to have only minimal activity against the asexual forms of P. falciparum, although it did eradicate the gametocytes in this infection. In addition, the general usefulness of pamaquine was limited by the frequent occurrence of toxic effects with doses in the therapeutic range. Nonetheless, evidence was advanced favoring both a prophylactic (1, 2, 3) and curative action (4) in vivax malaria. The toxicity of the drug and an incomplete understanding of the biology of vivax malaria led the commission on malaria of the Health Organization of the League of Nations (5) to state that its prophylactic action was not practical and to discount the work of Sinton on its curative action (4). The commission recommended that pama-

WALDENSTRÖM'S MACROGLOBULINEMIA: CLINICAL PATHOLOGICAL CONFERENCE AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

Excerpt Dr. Charles G. Zubrod: The clinical part of this Clinicopathologic Conference concerns a rather unusual situation of abnormal protein production. We have invited Dr. Elliott Osserman, one o...

UNEXPLAINED DEATH IN A PATIENT WITH LEUKEMIA: CLINICAL PATHOLOGICAL CONFERENCE AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

Excerpt Dr. Charles G. Zubrod: Dr. Leon Rosenberg, of the Metabolism Service, National Cancer Institute, will present the clinical findings, and we have asked two clinicians from other Institutes t...