Charles I. Mcvey

High-pressure Sodium Lamp Seals and Recent Improvements

The basic types of commercially practical seals are described as used in high-pressure sodium lamps. The seal designs are compared and analyzed with emphasis on the practical engineering and manufacturing details. Included are the most recent modifications using wire and tube feedthroughs and ceramic plugs. The physical and chemical requirements of high-pressure sodium seals are described. The relationships of bonding materials are discussed as well as the stresses and reactions providing restraints on the materials and processes used.