Charles J. Biggers

Karyological analysis of Ctenopharyngodon idella, Aristichthys nobilis, and their F1 hybrid

Abstract Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) and Aristichthys nobilis (bighead carp) have a diploid chromosome number of 48 with no acrocentric chromosomes. The hybrid of these species is triploid with 72 chromosomes. The frequencies of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes suggest that the hybrid receives two maternal and one paternal set of chromosomes.

Hematologic and enzymatic analysis of Ctenopharyngodon idella × Hypophthalmichthys nobilis F1 hybrids

1. Erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrit values were determined for diploid and triploid Ctenopharyngodon idella X Hypophthalmichthys nobilis hybrids and the parental species. 2. Comparisons of diploid and triploid hybrids with the parental species revealed low erythrocyte counts for triploids, high mean corpuscular hemoglobin values for triploids, elevated hematocrits for diploids and triploids and similar hemoglobin concentrations for all fish. 3. Alkaline phosphatase, aldolase, and lactate dehydrogenase specific activities were determined spectrophotometrically. Levels of specific activity of these enzymes in the hybrids were consistently elevated above that of the parental species. These higher levels of enzyme activities in hybrids were probably the result of a breakdown in gene regulation.

Ploidy of Hybrids between Grass Carp and Bighead Carp Determined by Morphological Analysis

Abstract Twenty-six morphological and meristic characters of diploid and triploid hybrids between female grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella and bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis were analyzed by discriminant-function analysis. Twelve characters were useful in distinguishing between diploids and triploids. When these 12 characters were subjected to discriminant-function analysis, 97% of the hybrids were correctly classified as either diploid or triploid. No single character allowed diploids to be distinguished from triploids. Triploid hybrids had fewer morphological abnormalities than did diploid hybrids, possibly because triploid hybrids had two sets of chromosomes from the same species. Received March 5, 1983 Accepted August 8, 1983

Esterases of laboratory-reared and field-collected cotton boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boh.: polymorphism of adult esterases and formal genetics of esterase II.

The esterases of the cotton boll weevil were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into four major regions. These were named Est I–IV in order of migration from anode to origin. Polymorphism was observed in all regions. The Est II region was shown to consist of no more than two bands (fast and slow). The inheritance of the fast and slow bands of Est II was demonstrated to be controlled by codominant autosomal alleles. Analysis of the gene frequency of the Est II region showed that one field population was consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg law (P=0.995), while a second field population was not at equilibrium (P<0.001).

Bacteriostatic inhibition of Klebsiella pneumoniae by three human transferrins

Three human transferrin variants verified by rivanol precipitation were separated using vertical block polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by elution convection. A bacteriostatic inhibition measurement in vitro of the three transferrins was made. The data indicate that human transferrin variants exhibit different degrees of inhibition on Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Electrophoretic investigation of blood and parotoid venom proteins in Bufo americanus americanus and Bufo woodhousei fowleri

Abstract 1. 1. Blood and parotoid venom proteins of Bufo americanus americanus and Bufo woodhousei fowleri were studied using vertical block polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 2. 2. Plasma and venom contained no components of identical electrophoretic mobility in either species. 3. 3. Venom of both soecies contained esterases; certain esterase components appeared to be species specific. 4. 4. No lipoprotein component was found in the venom of either species. 5. 5. Venom of both species contained glycoproteins. 6. 6. Use of a non-ionic detergent improved the handling of the venom. 7. 7. Wart and parotoid venom proteins were qualitatively identical. 8. 8. Plasma transferrin and albumin components of both species were polymorphic. Single and double banded transferrin and albumin phenotypes were found in both species. 9. 9. Hemoglobin of both species was found to be single banded and to have identical electrophoretic mobility. 10. 10. No seasonal or sexual variation was apparent in venom or plasma proteins of either species.

An electrophoretic investigation of the urinary proteins of ord's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys ordii

Abstract 1. 1. Urinary proteins of Dipodomys ordii were separated by electrophoresis and compared to those of Mus musculus. 2. 2. Liver, kidney and urinary bladder homogenates and plasma were examined in an attempt to determine the origin of the urinary proteins. Liver and kidney appeared to be involved in the production of certain urinary proteins. 3. 3. Kangaroo rats appeared to have as many as five equidistant major urinary protein (MUP) bands of slower anodal mobility than those of the house mouse. 4. 4. D. ordii possessed a single urinary protein migrating in the β-globulin region. 5. 5. Kangaroo rats possessed a urinary protein with the same mobility as plasma albumin esterase.

Genic Variation in Ord's Kangaroo Rat Dipodomys ordii in Oklahoma

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to examine the systematics of Dipodomys ordii occurring in the South Canadian River floodplain of Oklahoma. Allozymic variation in 14 genetic loci was analyzed from 10 localities. Eight loci were monomorphic in all populations. Mean heterozygosity was 2.4%. Based on biochemical characters, there was no clear separation of western and eastern forms, and no evidence suggests that these forms were behaving as different biological species. Genic evidence supports previous morphologic and karyotypic studies of D. ordii in Oklahoma and concurs with current taxonomy which places western forms as D. o. richardsoni and eastern as D. o. oklahomae.