Charles McGovern

Book review: Jason Chambers, Madison Avenue and the Color Line: African Americans in the Advertising Industry. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008. 322 pp. ISBN 978—0812240474 (hbk)

interviewed by the authors (pp. 191–5). Criminals and others alike fail to understand that the larger patterns and process of consumption that drives the economic system creates the foundation of their limitations. These problems and limitations create the identity-based need to avoid exclusion within the larger culture. Thus, crime becomes the process by which the criminals will achieve success. After reading this work, I strongly believe that it deserves to be widely read, understood and appreciated as contributing to both the literature on consumption of culture and how that process and experience shapes crime and criminality. However, more attention and explanation of the methodological issues would have greatly strengthened it (and one might argue that my American criminological training is showing). While the theoretical foundation is remarkable, the methodological enterprise is poorly elaborated. Also, more discussion of the intertwined issues of social location such as the interplay of race and gender should have been more thoroughly examined along with socioeconomic status (social class). While this book will be of interest to more advanced undergraduates, postgraduates, researchers and teachers with an interest in research on culture, consumption studies, symbolic culture, sociology, criminology and criminal justice, audiences will require a sophisticated understanding of economic structure and cultural identity. Even with those caveats, this work is highly recommended, especially for those in criminology and consumption studies.

History and Theory

RVT, RT(R)(CT) Static 3D and real-time 4D sonography is the newest technology to help sonographers acquire images and aid in the diagnosis of pathology. Touted as a fast and efficient method of collecting needed data within a data set, the potential for increased diagnostic confidence may be a reality. Three-dimensional imaging has been evolving since the early 1970s and has now come into the clinical setting. Understanding the development of this imaging format, current theory, and terminology helps the sonographer obtain and use an optimal data set.