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Dive into the research topics where Charles P. Bird is active.

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Featured researches published by Charles P. Bird.


Journal of Experimental Social Psychology | 1987

Influence of the spacing of trait information on impressions of likability

Charles P. Bird

Abstract Five experiments were conducted in which subjects were shown lists of trait adjectives that supposedly described particular individuals. Each list included both positive and negative traits, with all such traits occurring twice. The second occurrence of a trait followed the first either immediately (massed presentation) or after four other traits intervened (distributed presentation). For a given list, all positive traits received massed presentation and all negative traits were distributed, or vice versa. After list presentation, subjects judged how likable the person described would be. In Experiments 1–3 only, there was also a free recall test for the traits. The free recall test revealed both a spacing effect (distributed items being recalled better than massed) and a bias toward recalling negative traits better than positive. Likability judgments paralleled the recall pattern, with the judgments being more positive when positive traits were distributed (and negative massed), than in the opposite arrangement. Correlations calculated between recall and impressions were mostly nonsignificant, however, suggesting that judgments were not based on the recall of specific traits and that inferences formed at encoding were of primary importance.


Memory & Cognition | 1980

An examination of orienting task relationships in a proactive interference paradigm

Charles P. Bird; Renae Roberts

Three experiments investigating release from proactive interference were conducted, in which orienting tasks were employed to bias encoding. Following earlier experiments by Bird (1976, 1977), it was expected that release would be observed when tasks were changed after several trials, but only to the extent that the tasks required different processing. Two obviously related nonsemantic tasks were compared in Experiment 1, and no release was obtained. Experiment 2 was a comparison of part-of-speech classification, considered by some to be a nonsemantic task, and of judgments of word pleasantness. The release obtained was sufficiently low to suggest that part-of-speech decisions involve substantial semantic processing. Finally, Experiment 3 employed four tasks, in order to address various questions about task relationships raised in the earlier experiments. Based on the levels of release observed across experiments and the finding that some tasks led to less proactive interference than others, a tentative categorization of tasks was proposed.


Journal of General Psychology | 1978

Investigations of Syntactic Ambiguity

Charles P. Bird

Two experiments were conducted with male and female university students in an attempt to establish whether syntactically ambiguous words are better represented by independent lexical entries for each syntactic context in which the items occur, or whether the different usages could be adequately represented by single entries. Both experiments were attempts to influence recall through control of the coding of ambiguous items. Experiment one (N = 128) involved a free recall procedure in which ambiguous items were embedded in lists of nonambiguous nouns or verbs, and Experiment two (N = 144) involved a release from proactive inhibition procedure which has been shown to make syntactic features highly salient. The results of both experiments supported the single entry view; that is, the ambiguous items apparently were not coded according to one usage independent of other usages.


Journal of Applied Psychology | 1986

Thirty years later: Attitudes toward the employment of older workers.

Charles P. Bird; Terri D. Fisher


Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning & Memory | 1980

The isolation effect as a function of unique processing orientation.

Charles P. Bird


Journal of Applied Psychology | 1933

Sex differences in speed of reading.

Isabel R. Berman; Charles P. Bird


Journal of Applied Psychology | 1944

A B C's of scapegoating.

Charles P. Bird


Journal of Applied Psychology | 1928

Propaganda Technique in the World War.

Charles P. Bird


Teaching of Psychology | 1983

The Evolution of a Study Guide

Charles P. Bird


Journal of Applied Psychology | 1944

Review of A B C's of scapegoating.

Charles P. Bird

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Terri D. Fisher

The Ohio State University at Mansfield

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