Charles R. Bursey

Gastrointestinal Helminths from Six Species of Frogs and Three Species of Lizards, Sympatric in Pará State, Brazil

Abstract Forty-three frogs representing 6 species (Dendropsophus cachimbo, Scinax fuscomarginatus, Leptodactylus fuscus, Leptodactylus martinezi, Leptodactylus mystaceus, and Leptodactylus rhodomystax) and 35 lizards representing 3 species (Kentropyx calcarata, Leposoma osvaldoi, and Potamites ecpleopus) collected in the Brazilian state of Pará were examined for helminths. One species of Trematoda, Brachycoelium salamandrae, and 12 species of Nematoda, adults of Capillaria recondita, Cosmocerca brasiliense, Cosmocerca podicipinus, Falcaustra belemensis, Falcaustra maculata, Kentropyxia sauria, Oswaldocruzia vaucheri, Physaloptera retusa, Schrankiana formulosa, Schrankiana fuscus, Schrankiana schranki, and juveniles of Acuariidae gen. sp., were found. Only B. salamandrae occurred in both frogs and lizards. There were 1.53 ± 0.13 (x ± 1 SE) helminth species/infected frogs and 28.52 ± 11.7 helminth individuals/infected frogs and 1.12 ± 0.08 helminth species/infected lizards and 6.47 ± 1.58 helminth individuals/infected lizards. Thirteen new host records and 2 new locality records are reported.

TRANSPORT OF HELMINTHS TO HAWAII VIA THE BROWN ANOLE, ANOLIS SAGREI (POLYCHROTIDAE)

Sixty-two brown anoles, Anolis sagrei, from Oahu, Hawaii were examined for helminths. Anolis sagrei was introduced to Hawaii, presumably from the Caribbean. Two species of trematodes, Mesocoelium monas and Platynosomum fastosum, 3 species of nematodes, Atractis scelopori, Physaloptera squamatae, and Physocephalus sp., 1 acanthocephalan, Acanthocephalus bufonis, and 1 pentastome, Raillietiella frenatus, were found. Atractis scelopori and P. squamatae, previously unknown in Hawaii, are widely distributed in the Caribbean and were most likely transported to Hawaii with the introduced anoles. Mesocoelium monas, P. fastosum, Physocephalus sp., A. bufonis, and R. frenatus have been previously reported from Hawaiian herptiles; A. sagrei most likely acquired infections of these parasites from Hawaiian populations. This study indicates that helminths can be transported with their introduced hosts and become established in the colonized areas and that introduced lizards may quickly acquire species of previously established helminthes.

ENDOPARASITES IN SPHENOMORPHUS JOBIENSIS (SAURIA: SCINCIDAE) FROM PAPUA NEW GUINEA WITH DESCRIPTION OF THREE NEW SPECIES

One species of digenean, Zeylanurotrema sphenomorphi n. sp., and 2 nematode species, Meteterakis crombiei n. sp. and Physalopteroides milnensis n. sp., from the intestine of Sphenomorphus jobiensis, are described and illustrated. Zeylanurotrema sphenomorphi n. sp. represents the second species, Meteterakis crombiei n. sp. the 18th species, and Physalopteroides milnensis n. sp. the 19th species assigned to each respective genus. In addition, 1 species of cestode, Oochoristica javaensis; 7 nematode species, Abbreviata oligopapillata, Aplectana macintoshii, Aplectana zweifeli, Cosmocerca zugi, Maxvachonia adamsoni, Oswaldocruzia bakeri, Parapharyngodon maplestonei; 1 species of acanthocephalan, Acanthocephalus bufonis; and 1 species of pentastome, Kiricephalus sp., were found. With the exception of Abbreviata oligopapillata, Sphenomorphus jobiensis represents a new host record for each species of endoparasite.

Gastrointestinal Helminths from 13 Species of Lizards from Reserva Cuzco Amazónico, Peru

Abstract One hundred sixty-four lizards representing 13 species collected from the Reserva Cuzco Amazónico, Peru, were examined for helminths. Two species of Cestoda (Oochoristica ameivae and Ophiotaenia flava) and 18 species of Nematoda (adults of Amphibiocapillaria freitaslenti, Cyrtosomum longicaudatum, Oswaldocruzia peruvensis, Oswaldocruzia vitti, Oswaldofilaria azeuedoi, Parapharyngodon scleratus, Physaloptera retusa, Physalopteroides venancioi, Piratuba digiticauda, Piratuba lainsoni, Piratuboides zeae, Rhabdias anolis, Skrjabinelzaia intermedia, Spauligodon oxkutzcabiensis, Spinicauda spinicauda, Strongyluris oscari; larvae of Dujardinascaris sp. and Hastospiculum sp.) were found. In all, 1,617 helminths were collected from 83 (51%) of the 164 lizards examined. Of these, 15 (0.9%) were larval forms, which are thought not capable of reaching maturity in lizards. No infected lizard harbored more than 3 helminth species: 1.70 ± 0.08 (x̄ ± 1 SE) helminth species/infected lizard; 19.45 ± 2.82 helminth individuals/infected lizard. No host species harbored more than 7 helminth species: 3.23 ± 0.51 helminth species/host species. Twenty-eight new host records and 18 new locality records are reported.

Gastrointestinal Helminths of 14 Species of Lizards from Panama with Descriptions of Five New Species

Abstract One hundred ninety-one specimens representing 14 species of lizards, Ameiva ameiva, Basiliscus basiliscus, Corytophanes cristatus, Diploglossus monotropis, Echinosaura horrida, Gonatodes albogularis, Gymnophthalmus speciosus, Iguana iguana, Lepidoblepharis sanctaemartae, Lepidophyma flavimaculatum, Leposoma rugiceps, Mabuya mabouya, Polychrus gutturosus, and Thecadactylus rapicauda, from Panama were examined for helminths. Two species of Digenea, Mesocoelium monas and Parallopharynx arctus, 1 species of Cestoda, Oochoristica gymnophthalmicola n. sp., 21 species of Nematoda, 19 species capable of completing their life cycle in lizards, Africana telfordi, Aplectana herediaensis, Cosmocercoides variabilis, Cruzia mexicana, Cyrtosomum longicaudatum, Macdonaldius grassi, Oswaldocruzia panamaensis n. sp., Oswaldofilaria brevicaudata, Ozolaimus cirratus, Parapharyngodon colonensis n. sp., Physaloptera retusa, Piratuba digiticauda, Skrjabinelazia galliardi, Skrjabinodon caudolumarius n. sp., Skrjabinodon crassicauda n. sp., Skrjabinodon scelopori, Spauligodon oxkutzcabiensis, Spinicauda spinicauda, and Strongyluris panamaensis, and 2 species utilizing lizards as paratenic hosts, Ophidascaris sp. (larvae) and Acuariidae gen. sp. (larvae in cysts), and 1 species of Acanthocephala (cystacanths), were found. Thirty-seven new host records and 13 new locality records are reported.

COSMOCERCA VRCIBRADICI N. SP. (ASCARIDIDA: COSMOCERCIDAE), OSWALDOCRUZIA VITTI N. SP. (STRONGYLIDA: MOLINEOIDAE), AND OTHER HELMINTHS FROM PRIONODACTYLUS EIGENMANNI AND PRIONODACTYLUS OSHAUGHNESSYI (SAURIA: GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE) FROM BRAZIL AND ECUADOR

Cosmocerca vrcibradici n. sp. and Oswaldocruzia vitti n. sp., intestinal parasites of Prionodactylus eigenmanni (type host) and P. oshaughnessyi, are described and illustrated. Of the 19 valid species of Cosmocerca, C. vrcibradici n. sp. represents the 12th Neotropical species and the first species to be reported from lizard hosts. Of the 76 valid species of Oswaldocruzia, O. vitti n. sp. represents the 14th Neotropical species and the eighth species to be reported from lizard hosts. In addition, 1 species of Digenea, Mesocoelium monas, and 1 species of Acanthocephala, Acanthocephalus saurius, were found.

RHABDIAS ANOLIS N. SP. (NEMATODA: RHABDIASIDAE) FROM THE LIZARD, ANOLIS FRENATUS (SAURIA: POLYCHROTIDAE), FROM PANAMA

Rhabdias anolis n. sp. from the lungs of Anolis frenatus collected in Panama is described and illustrated. Rhabdias anolis n. sp. represents the 45th species assigned to the genus and the ninth from the Neotropical Realm. It is distinguished from all other Neotropical species by the presence of a pair of sessile lateral papillae on its tail.

New species of Oswaldocruzia (Nematoda: Molineoidae), new species of Rhabdias (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae), and other helminths in Rana cf. forreri (Anura: Ranidae) from Costa Rica.

Oswaldocruzia costaricensis n. sp. (Strongylida: Molineidae) from the intestines and Rhabdias savagei n. sp. (Rhabditida: Rhabdiasidae) from the lungs of Rana cf. forreri (Anura: Ranidae) are described and illustrated. Oswaldocruzia costaricensis represents the 77th species assigned to the genus and differs from the other Neotropical species in the genus by possessing a Type II bursa and long cervical alae. Rhabdias savagei represents the 47th species assigned to the genus and differs from other Neotropical species in the genus by possession of 4 lips and a postequatorial vulva. Rana cf. forreri was also found to harbor the trematodes, Haematoloechus parcivitellarius and Megalodiscus temperatus, the nematodes, Aplectana incerta, Aplectana itzocanensis, Cosmocerca podicipinus, Foleyellides striatus, Subulascaris falcaustriformis, and a larva of the nematode Brevimulticaecum sp. Cosmocerca panamaensis is considered to be a synonym of Cosmocerca podicipinus.

NEW GENUS, NEW SPECIES OF CESTODA (ANOPLOCEPHALIDAE), NEW SPECIES OF NEMATODA (COSMOCERCIDAE) AND OTHER HELMINTHS IN CYRTODACTYLUS LOUISIADENSIS (SAURIA: GEKKONIDAE) FROM PAPUA NEW GUINEA

Gekkotaenia novaeguineaensis n. gen., n. sp. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) from the small intestine and Cosmocerca zugi n. sp. (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) from the large intestine of the ring-tailed gecko, Cyrtodactylus louisiadensis (Sauria: Gekkonidae) are described and illustrated. Gekkotaenia novaeguineaensis n. gen., n. sp. is unique among the acraspedote Linstowiinae in possessing a poral female reproductory system. Cosmocerca zugi n. sp. is the 22nd species to be assigned to the genus and differs from other species in the genus by possessing 4 pairs of rosette papillae on plectanes and having a gubernaculum longer than the spicules. It is the fifth species to be described from the Australian biogeographical region. Eight additional helminth species were found: the digenean, Allopharynx macallisteri; 2 cestodes, cysticercoids of Cyclophyllidea gen. sp. and tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides sp.; 5 nematodes, larvae in cysts of Abbreviata sp., Aplectana macintoshii, Oswaldocruzia bakeri, Parapharyngodon maplestonei, and an undescribed species of Physalopteroides. Cyrtodactylus louisiadensis represents a new host record for each of these helminths.

INTEGUMENTAL LESIONS CAUSED BY ECTOPARASITES IN A WILD POPULATION OF THE SIDE-BLOTCHED LIZARD (UTA STANSBURIANA)

Histopathological effects of ectoparasites on integument were examined for a wild population of the side-blotched lizard Uta stansburiana. These included the trombiculid Neotrombicula californica, the pterygosomatid mite Geckobiella texana; the macronyssid mite Ophionyssus natricis (Macronyssidae) and the ixodid tick Ixodes pacificus. A diffuse inflammatory response occurred at the site of chigger and tick attachment which consisted of histiocyte, heterophil, fibroblast and lymphocyte infiltration that often extended into the dermis. Granuloma formation also was noted. The most prevalent parasite was N. californica which frequently occurred in large aggregations above the eyelids. Ectoparasites were most abundant from February through April.