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Featured researches published by Charles R. Dietrich.


In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology – Plant | 2000

Production of transgenic maize from bombarded type II callus: Effect of gold particle size and callus morphology on transformation efficiency

Bronwyn Frame; Hongyi Zhang; Suzy M. Cocciolone; Lyudmila V. Sidorenko; Charles R. Dietrich; Sue Ellen Pegg; Shifu Zhen; Kan Wang

SummaryHere we present a routine and efficient protocol for year-round production of fertile transgenic maize plants. Type II callus derived from maize Hi II immature zygotic embryos was transformed using the PDS 1000/He biolistic gun and selected on bialaphos. In an effort to improve the transformation protocol, the effects of gold particle size and callus morphology on transformation efficiency were investigated. Reducing gold particle size from 1.0 μm or 0.6 μm resulted in a significant increase in the rate of recovery of bialaphos-resistant clones from Type II callus. The average transformation efficiency of pre-embryogenic, early embryogenic and late embryogenic callus did not vary significantly. Rates of transformation, regeneration and fertility achieved for Type II callus are summarized and compared to those achieved for greenhouse- and field-derived immature zygotic embryos.


Plant Physiology | 1997

Sequence Analysis of the Cloned glossy8 Gene of Maize Suggests That It May Code for a [beta]-Ketoacyl Reductase Required for the Biosynthesis of Cuticular Waxes

Xiaojie Xu; Charles R. Dietrich; Massimo Delledonne; Yiji Xia; Tsui-Jung Wen; Donald S. Robertson; Basil J. Nikolau

The gl8 locus of maize (Zea mays L.) was previously defined by a mutation that reduces the amount and alters the composition of seedling cuticular waxes. Sixty independently derived gl8 mutant alleles were isolated from stocks that carried the Mutator transposon system. A DNA fragment that contains a Mu8 transposon and that co-segregates with one of these alleles, gl8-Mu3142, was identified and cloned. DNA flanking the Mu8 transposon was shown via allelic cross-referencing experiments to represent the gl8 locus. The gl8 probe revealed a 1.4-kb transcript present in wild-type seedling leaves and, in lesser amounts, in other organs and at other developmental stages. The amino acid sequence deduced from an apparently full-length gl8 cDNA exhibits highly significant sequence similarity to a group of enzymes from plants, eubacteria, and mammals that catalyzes the reduction of ketones. This finding suggests that the GL8 protein probably functions as a reductase during fatty acid elongation in the cuticular wax biosynthetic pathway.


Genetics | 2010

High-Throughput Genetic Mapping of Mutants via Quantitative Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Typing

Sanzhen Liu; Hsin D. Chen; Irina Makarevitch; Scott J. Emrich; Charles R. Dietrich; W. Brad Barbazuk; Nathan M. Springer

Advances in next-generation sequencing technology have facilitated the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Sequenom-based SNP-typing assays were developed for 1359 maize SNPs identified via comparative next-generation transcriptomic sequencing. Approximately 75% of these SNPs were successfully converted into genetic markers that can be scored reliably and used to generate a SNP-based genetic map by genotyping recombinant inbred lines from the intermated B73 × Mo17 population. The quantitative nature of Sequenom-based SNP assays led to the development of a time- and cost-efficient strategy to genetically map mutants via quantitative bulked segregant analysis. This strategy was used to rapidly map the loci associated with several dozen recessive mutants. Because a mutant can be mapped using as few as eight multiplexed sets of SNP assays on a bulk of as few as 20 mutant F2 individuals, this strategy is expected to be widely adopted for mapping in many species.


PLOS ONE | 2013

The Maize glossy13 Gene, Cloned via BSR-Seq and Seq-Walking Encodes a Putative ABC Transporter Required for the Normal Accumulation of Epicuticular Waxes

Li Li; Delin Li; Sanzhen Liu; Xiaoli Ma; Charles R. Dietrich; Heng-Cheng Hu; Gaisheng Zhang; Zhiyong Liu; Jun Zheng; Guoying Wang

Aerial plant surfaces are covered by epicuticular waxes that among other purposes serve to control water loss. Maize glossy mutants originally identified by their “glossy” phenotypes exhibit alterations in the accumulation of epicuticular waxes. By combining data from a BSR-Seq experiment and the newly developed Seq-Walking technology, GRMZM2G118243 was identified as a strong candidate for being the glossy13 gene. The finding that multiple EMS-induced alleles contain premature stop codons in GRMZM2G118243, and the one knockout allele of gl13, validates the hypothesis that gene GRMZM2G118243 is gl13. Consistent with this, GRMZM2G118243 is an ortholog of AtABCG32 (Arabidopsis thaliana), HvABCG31 (barley) and OsABCG31 (rice), which encode ABCG subfamily transporters involved in the trans-membrane transport of various secondary metabolites. We therefore hypothesize that gl13 is involved in the transport of epicuticular waxes onto the surfaces of seedling leaves.


Genetics | 2009

DLA-Based Strategies for Cloning Insertion Mutants: Cloning the gl4 Locus of Maize Using Mu Transposon Tagged Alleles

Sanzhen Liu; Charles R. Dietrich

Digestion–ligation–amplification (DLA), a novel adaptor-mediated PCR-based method that uses a single-stranded oligo as the adaptor, was developed to overcome difficulties of amplifying unknown sequences flanking known DNA sequences in large genomes. DLA specifically overcomes the problems associated with existing methods for amplifying genomic sequences flanking Mu transposons, including high levels of nonspecific amplification. Two DLA-based strategies, MuClone and DLA-454, were developed to isolate Mu-tagged alleles. MuClone allows for the amplification of subsets of the numerous Mu transposons in the genome, using unique three-nucleotide tags at the 3′ ends of primers, simplifying the identification of flanking sequences that cosegregate with mutant phenotypes caused by Mu insertions. DLA-454, which combines DLA with 454 pyrosequencing, permits the efficient cloning of genes for which multiple independent insertion alleles are available without the need to develop segregating populations. The utility of each approach was validated by independently cloning the gl4 (glossy4) gene. Mutants of gl4 lack the normal accumulation of epicuticular waxes. The gl4 gene is a homolog of the Arabidopsis CUT1 gene, which encodes a condensing enzyme involved in the synthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids, which are precursors of epicuticular waxes.


Archive | 2003

Dissecting the Maize Epicuticular Wax Biosynthetic Pathway Via the Characterization of an Extensive Collection of Glossy Mutants

M. A. D. N. Perera; Charles R. Dietrich; R. Meeley; Basil J. Nikolau

Being a major component of the cuticle, cuticular waxes serve as the outer boundary between plants and their environment and thus provide multiple protective functions (Kolattukudy, 1987; Jenks et al., 1994). Cuticular waxes are complex mixtures of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA; > C18), and VLCFA-derivatives such as alcohols, aldehydes, esters, alkanes, and ketones, (Walton, 1990). Thus, VLCFAs serve as the precursors for the cuticular wax biosynthesis. Elucidating the complex processes by which cuticular waxes are biosynthesized is the long-term objective of our genetic studies in maize. We have characterized a collection of 186 glossy (gl) mutants of maize, which are affected in the normal accumulation of epicuticular waxes. The focus of this report is the molecular characterization of the g18 gene, which encodes one of the components of the acyl-CoA elongase system that is involved in the biosynthesis of VLCFA for cuticle deposition.


bioRxiv | 2018

A novel maize gene, glossy6 involved in epicuticular wax deposition and drought tolerance

Li Li; Yicong Du; Cheng He; Charles R. Dietrich; Jiankun Li; Xiaoli Ma; Rui Wang; Qiang Liu; Sanzhen Liu; Guoying Wang; Jun Zheng

Epicuticular waxes, long-chain hydrocarbon compounds, form the outermost layer of plant surfaces in most terrestrial plants. The presence of epicuticular waxes protects plants from water loss and other environmental stresses. Cloning and characterization of genes involved in the regulation, biosynthesis, and extracellular transport of epicuticular waxes on to the surface of epidermal cells have revealed the molecular basis of epicuticular wax accumulation. However, intracellular trafficking of synthesized waxes to the plasma membrane for cellular secretion is poorly understood. Here, we characterized a maize glossy (gl6) mutant that exhibited decreased epicuticular wax load, increased cuticle permeability, and reduced seedling drought tolerance relative to wild type. We combined an RNA-sequencing based mapping approach (BSR-Seq) and chromosome walking to identify the gl6 candidate gene, which was confirmed via the analysis of multiple independent mutant alleles. The gl6 gene represents a novel maize glossy gene containing a conserved, but uncharacterized domain. Functional characterization suggests that the GL6 protein may be involved in the intracellular trafficking of epicuticular waxes, opening a door to elucidating the poorly understood process by which epicuticular wax is transported from its site of biosynthesis to the plasma membrane. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Plant surface waxes provide an essential protective barrier for terrestrial plants. Understanding the composition and physiological functions of surface waxes, as well as the molecular basis underlying wax accumulation on plant surfaces provides opportunities for the genetic optimization of this protective layer. Genetic studies have identified genes involved in wax biosynthesis, extracellular transport, as well as spatial and temporal regulation of wax accumulation. In this study, a maize mutant, gl6 was characterized that exhibited reduced wax load on plant surfaces, increased water losses, and reduced seedling drought tolerance compared to wild type controls. The gl6 gene is a novel gene harboring a conserved domain with an unknown function. Quantification and microscopic observation of wax accumulation as well as subcellular localization of the GL6 protein provided evidence that gl6 may be involved in the intracellular trafficking of waxes, opening a door for studying this necessary yet poorly understood process for wax loading on plant surfaces.


Genetics | 2002

Maize Mu Transposons Are Targeted to the 5′ Untranslated Region of the gl8 Gene and Sequences Flanking Mu Target-Site Duplications Exhibit Nonrandom Nucleotide Composition Throughout the Genome

Charles R. Dietrich; Feng Cui; Mark L. Packila; Jin Li; Daniel Ashlock; Basil J. Nikolau


Plant Journal | 2005

Characterization of two GL8 paralogs reveals that the 3‐ketoacyl reductase component of fatty acid elongase is essential for maize (Zea mays L.) development

Charles R. Dietrich; M. Ann D. N. Perera; Marna D. Yandeau-Nelson; Robert B. Meeley; Basil J. Nikolau


Archive | 2009

using Mu Transposon Tagged Alleles

Sanzhen Liu; Charles R. Dietrich

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Sanzhen Liu

Kansas State University

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Li Li

Iowa State University

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Xiaoli Ma

China Agricultural University

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Cheng He

Kansas State University

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Feng Cui

Iowa State University

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