Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin

Performance evaluation of okra (abelmoschus esculentus) as coagulant for turbidity removal in water treatment

The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of turbidity removal in water by using Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) as natural coagulant. The coagulation active agent in various Okra sections was extracted with distilled water and NaCl 1.0 M solutions. Synthetic water containing kaolin with turbidity of 55 NTU was used as water source in this study. The result shows that Okra seed that extracted both with distilled water and NaCl 1.0 N solution has the potential advantage as natural coagulant for turbidity removal in comparison with other sections of the plant. However, the seed is not economically feasible to be used as coagulant. The dried Okras leaf that commonly considered as waste material could be proposed as an alternative coagulant in water treatment process, due to its similarity in coagulation behaviour with Okras seed. FTIR analysis on leaf shows that chemical functional groups in protein were significantly removed after extraction with distilled water and NaCl 1.0 N solution. The result indicated a strong correlation between the protein content and turbidity removal efficiency, which eventually suggest that the protein in Okra could potentially be an active agent in coagulation process.

Adsorption of Reactive Red 120 by Using Regenerated Spent Carbon

In this study the performance of regenerated spent carbon for azo dye removal was evaluated in batch and continuous column. The spent carbon was generated by thermal method through pyrolysis process and chemical method by using NaOH 6.0 M solution. Reactive Red 120 (RR120) was selected as a model of azo dye due to its common application in the industries. The regeneration of spent granular activated carbon (GAC) by pyrolysis could produce adsorbent that has the adsorption capacity closer to new GAC. The result indicated that paralysed GAC could potentially apply to replace new GAC for RR120 adsorption. In addition, the continuous adsorption operation in mini column test confirmed that the order of adsorption capacity of each GAC is as follows: new GAC, pirolysed GAC, chemical treated GAC and spent GAC.

Degradation characteristic of monoazo, diazo and anthraquinone dye by UV/H2O2 process

In this study, the degradation characteristic of monoazo, diazo and anthraquinone dye by UV/H2O2 process was evaluated based on the trend of color, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal. Three types of dyes consist of monoazo, diazo and anthraquinone dyes were used to compare the degradation mechanism of the dyes. The UV/H2O2 experiments were conducted in a laboratory scale cylindrical glass reactor operated in semi-batch mode. The UV/Vis characterization of monoazo, diazo and anthraquinone dye indicated that the rapid degradation of the dyes by UV/H2O2 process is meaningful with respect to decolourization, as a result of the azo bonds and substitute antraquinone chromophore degradation. However, this process is not efficient for aromatic amines removal. The monoazo MO was difficult to be decolorized than diazo RR120 dye, which imply that number of sulphonic groups in the dye molecules determines the reactivity with hydroxyl radical. The increased in COD removal is the eviden...