Cheng-Hsing Hsieh

Hand Port-Site Metastasis of Renal-Cell Carcinoma Following Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy: Case Report

A 66-year-old man underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (HALN) for a 10 x 7-cm, stage T(2)N(0)M(0) right-sided renal-cell carcinoma. Nine months later, tumor recurrence was noted at the previous hand port site. This is the first case report of such a metastasis. Possible mechanisms for tumor metastasis are reviewed, and preventive strategies are suggested.

Age- and gender-specific nomograms for single and dual post-void residual urine in healthy children†‡

To establish the first age‐ and gender‐specific nomograms for single and two consecutive tests for post‐void residual urine (PVR).

Advances in understanding of mammalian penile evolution, human penile anatomy and human erection physiology: Clinical implications for physicians and surgeons

Summary Recent studies substantiate a model of the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa as a bi-layered structure with a 360° complete inner circular layer and a 300° incomplete outer longitudinal coat spanning from the bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus proximally and extending continuously into the distal ligament within the glans penis. The anatomical location and histology of the distal ligament invites convincing parallels with the quadrupedal os penis and therefore constitutes potential evidence of the evolutionary process. In the corpora cavernosa, a chamber design is responsible for facilitating rigid erections. For investigating its venous factors exclusively, hemodynamic studies have been performed on both fresh and defrosted human male cadavers. In each case, a rigid erection was unequivocally attainable following venous removal. This clearly has significant ramifications in relation to penile venous surgery and its role in treating impotent patients. One deep dorsal vein, 2 cavernosal veins and 2 pairs of para-arterial veins (as opposed to 1 single vein) are situated between Buck’s fascia and the tunica albuginea. These newfound insights into penile tunical, venous anatomy and erection physiology were inspired by and, in turn, enhance clinical applications routinely encountered by physicians and surgeons, such as penile morphological reconstruction, penile implantation and penile venous surgery.

Penile Veins Are the Principal Component in Erectile Rigidity: A Study of Penile Venous Stripping on Defrosted Human Cadavers

The human erectile mechanism is an intricate interplay of hormonal, vascular, neurological, sinusoidal, pharmacological, and psychological factors. However, the relative influence of each respective component remains somewhat unclear, and merits further study. We investigated the role of venous outflow in an attempt to isolate the key determinant of erectile function. Dynamic infusion cavernosometry and cavernosography was conducted on 15 defrosted human cadavers, both before and after the systematic removal and ligation of erection-related penile veins. Preoperatively, an infusion rate of more than 28.1 mL/min (from more than 14.0 to 85.0 mL/min) was required to induce a rigid erection (defined as intracavernosal pressure [ICP] exceeding 90 mmHg). Following surgery, we were able to obtain the same result at a rate of 7.3 mL/min (from 3.1 to 13.5 mL/min) across the entire sample. Thus, we witnessed statistically significant postoperative differences (all P ≤ .01), consistently elevated ICP, lower perfusion volumes, and a general reduction in time taken to attain rigidity. The cavernosograms provided further evidence substantiating the critical role played by erection-related veins, whereas histological samples confirmed the postoperative integrity of the corpora cavernosa. Given that our use of cadavers eliminated the influence of hormonal, arterial, neurological, sinusoidal, pharmacological, and psychological factors, we believe that our study demonstrates that the human erection is fundamentally a mechanical event contingent on venous competence.

Constipation is associated with incomplete bladder emptying in healthy children.

To investigate the association between constipation and the results of uroflowmetry with post‐void residual urine (PVR) tests in healthy children.

Obese children at higher risk for having overactive bladder symptoms: A community‐based study

To investigate the association between obesity and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in healthy children.

Prostate Volume Did Not Affect Voiding Function Improvements in Diode Laser Enucleation of the Prostate

PURPOSE We compared safety and surgical outcomes in patients with different prostate sizes treated with diode laser enucleation of the prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 2008 to 2012 consecutive patients with benign prostatic obstruction undergoing diode laser prostate enucleation at our institution were enrolled for analysis. A single surgeon performed diode laser prostate enucleation with an end firing, continuous wave diode laser (980 nm). Based on preoperative prostate volume on transrectal ultrasound, patients were stratified into 2 groups, including group 1-65 with less than 60 ml and group 2-55 with 60 ml or greater. Baseline and perioperative characteristics, and postoperative surgical outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS A total of 120 men with a mean ± SD age of 70.2 ± 9.0 years were enrolled for analysis. Compared with group 1 patients, those in group 2 had larger mean total prostate volume (85.0 ± 24.6 vs 40.9 ± 10.8 ml), longer mean operative time (117.7 ± 48.2 vs 60.7 ± 25.0 minutes), higher mean retrieved prostate weight (37.3 ± 16.1 vs 12.5 ± 7.3 gm) and a higher mean tissue retrieval ratio (74.4% ± 22.2% vs 58.8% ± 23.2%, p <0.01). There was no significant difference in the postoperative hemoglobin decrease in the 2 groups (median 0.5 vs 0.9 mg/dl, p = 0.11). The rate of temporary postoperative urinary retention after Foley catheter removal was significantly lower in group 2 (15.4% vs 3.6%, p = 0.04). Postoperative improvements in the peak flow rate, post-void residual urine volume and International Prostate Symptom Score were comparable in the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS Although patients with a larger prostate required significantly longer operative time and laser energy, voiding function improvements and surgical complication rates of diode laser prostate enucleation were comparable in patients with a larger vs smaller prostate.

Clinical Experience of a Refined Penile Venous Stripping Surgery Procedure for Patients With Erectile Dysfunction: Is It a Viable Option?

Penile venous surgery might not be considered an appropriate treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED) because of disappointing functional outcomes and unacceptable, seemly unavoidable, penile deformity. We report results of a refined penile venous stripping method in patients with veno-occlusive dysfunction (VOD). From 2000 to 2003, 341 of 467 men with ED were diagnosed with VOD via cavernosography and Doppler sonography. Patients were excluded from undertaking cavernosography if they had an untreated chronic systemic disease. Patients who had undergone the first penile venous surgery in other institutes were also excluded from this study because of the protracted surgical time and unpredictable functional outcomes, because severe fibrosis may prevent patients from completing penile venous removal. Of these 341 men, 178 were treated with a refined venous stripping surgical method (surgery group) and 163 patients were treated without this surgery (control group). In the surgery group, 167 were available for long-term follow-up using the abridged 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) scoring system. The operative time ranged from 2.1 to 5.0 hours. The follow-up period ranged from 5.1 to 8.2 years, with an average of 7.7 +/- 1.4 years. The difference between the preoperative (9.7 +/- 3.9) and postoperative (21.6 +/- 2.8) IIEF-5 scores was significant (P < .001). Overall, 90.4% of the surgery group (151 of 167) reported improvements after surgery. A significant decrease in IIEF-5 scores (10.4 +/- 3.8 vs 7.9 +/- 3.2, P < .001, n = 121) during the same period of follow-up was, however, noted in the control group. This refined penile venous stripping surgery delivered favorable results and is a viable alternative for treating VOD.

Salvaging Penile Venous Stripping Surgery

Disappointing functional outcome and penile deformity are major concerns of penile venous surgery. Consequently, it has been abandoned by most urologists. To explore whether penile deformity is correctable and erectile function can be improved, we report our experience in patients who had undergone surgery elsewhere. From 1986 to 2008, 16 consecutive patients sought our assistance because of poorer erectile capability or/and penile deformity from previous venous surgery elsewhere. The abridged 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) was used to score the patients when it became available in 1998. Accordingly, 3 and 13 patients were categorized into the non-IIEF and IIEF groups, respectively. A median longitudinal pubic incision and a circumferential or semicircumcision were made to relieve the fibrotic tissues for accessing the deep dorsal veins, which were stripped thoroughly and ligated with 6-0 nylon sutures. The cavernosal veins were managed in a similar manner. The paraarterial veins were ligated only segmentally. Finally, the wound was approximated while an assistant consistently stretched the penile shaft. The operation time was 5.2 to 8.5 hours. The follow-up period ranged from 0.6 to 23.0 years. Overall, all patients reported satisfactory penile morphology postoperatively. In the IIEF group, the difference in preoperative and postoperative scores was significant (P < .001). In the non-IIEF group, 2 of the 3 patients reported natural coitus. This series of salvaging venous surgeries, although technically challenging, are helpful in correcting penile deformity and restoring erectile function in some patients who had poorer outcomes from prior venous surgeries.

The Tzu Chi nomograms for maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) in children: comparison with Miskolc nomogram

To report the first ranking method‐based age‐ and gender‐specific nomograms for maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) in children.