Chester S. Keefer

A Method for Determining the Concentration of Penicillin in Body Fluids and Exudates

Conclusions A method for determining the concentration of penicillin in various body fluids and exudates is described. It is possible by this method to determine 0.0039 Florey unit per 0.2 cc of solution.

HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA AND EMPYEMA; A STUDY OF 55 CASES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TREATMENT

Excerpt It is now well established that at least 85 to 90 per cent of all cases of pneumonia are due to pneumococcal infections and, of these, at least 80 per cent are caused by a relatively small ...

SUBACUTE BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS: ACTIVE CASES WITHOUT BACTEREMIA

Excerpt For several years I have been interested in the group of patients with active bacterial endocarditis without bacteremia during life. These cases are not infrequent, and since organisms can ...

The behavior of inorganic phosphate in the blood and urine of normal and diabetic subjects during carbohydrate metabolism

Harrop and Benedict 1 and Wigglesworth, Woodrow, Smith and Winter 2 have recently called attention to the fall of the concentration of the inorganic phosphate in the blood of human subjects and experimental animals following the use of insulin. In the course of various studies on diabetes, particularly in connection with the studies on the respiratory exchange of normal and diabetic subjects following the ingestion of glucose, glycerol, calcium hexose phosphate and calcium glycerophosphate 3 and the respiratory exchange following the administration of insulin and epinephrin 4 data were accumulated on the changes of the inorganic phosphate in the blood and urine under the above enumerated experimental conditions. It was found that in normal human subjects the ingestion of 50-100 gm. of glucose and the intravenous injection of 3.5 units of insulin, also the subcutaneous injection of 0.5 cc. of 1:1000 solution of epinephrin caused a marked fall in the inorganic phosphate of the blood, and a simultaneous fall of the rate of excretion of phosphate in the urine. With the injection of epinephrin, however, in normal subjects the fall of the blood phosphate was frequently accompanied by a rise in the rate of urinary excretion of phosphate. The excretion of phosphate was most singularly depressed by the ingestion of glycerol. While in all of the cases studied this retention of phosphate was accompanied by a rise of the respiratory quotient, indicating increased carbohydrrate metabolism, with the ingestion of glycerol the marked retention of phosphate was accompanied by a lowered respiratory quotient. With diabetic subjects it was frequently observed that the ingestion of glucose or the injection of insulin did not cause a retention of phosphate especially when the blood sugar curves and the respiratory exchange indicated that there was no increased catabolism of carbohydrate.

HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE BACTEREMIA: REPORT OF TWO CASES RECOVERING FOLLOWING SULFATHIAZOLE AND SULFAPYRIDINE

Excerpt Recently we have observed two patients withHemophilus influenzaebacteremia who recovered following chemotherapy. One patient had pneumonia and the other had a primary lesion in the biliary ...

GASTRIC MOTILITY AND THE VOLUME OF GASTRIC SECRETION IN MAN

In a previous paper (1) we discussed the relation of degree of gastric acidity of people without organic disease of the stomach to physical fitness, age, and other factors. It was shown that acidity tends to decrease with advancing years and that people in poor general physical condition, on the whole, have a less acid stomach juice than those who are fit. The present report deals with a similar study of the volume of gastric secretion and gastric motility after a standard stimulus.

GONOCOCCAL ARTHRITIS: A CLINICAL STUDY OF 69 CASES

Excerpt One of the commonest causes of acute and chronic arthritis is gonococcal infection. In many patients the diagnosis is a task of no small difficulty inasmuch as the arthritis may appear some...

Anemia Associated With Gastrointestinal Disorders: Clinical Considerations and the Value of Iron in Treatment

Excerpt The relationship between disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and anemia is of considerable importance because it is common, and in some instances the anemia resembles that seen in perni...

ANTIBIOTICS: YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW

Excerpt To say that the discovery and development of antibiotics have completely revolutionized the management of infectious disease is to repeat a widely accepted statement. When one reflects that...

Deficiency Anemia in Chinese, responding to Cod Liver Oil.

In attempting to survey the anemia situation in North China several factors presented themselves to us as significant. (1) Even outside the so-called famine areas food deficiencies are common, particularly qualitative deficiencies. This point is elucidated by the work of Hsien Wu 1 and his collaborators, who showed that the North China diet is low in fat and on the verge of fat soluble vitamin deficiency. (2) Attacks of prolonged diarrhea, due to dysentery or to yet unknown causes, in a population living on such a diet are apt especially to bring out 2 groups of symptoms: of anemia and of hydrops. (3) We were impressed with the fact that severe secondary anemias of unknown origin, when hospitalized, showed a seemingly spontaneous recovery in the course of about 2 months. Such anemias of lesser severity were also seen during pregnancy, on proper diet already showing marked improvement before term. These anemias are hematologically characterized by a color index in the neighborhood of unity, of the absence of anisocytosis or poikilocytosis, of the absence of nucleated red cells and of immature granulocytes and of practically normal white cell formula. There are no hemolytic features. These anemias show free hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice after histamine injection. There are no neurological symptoms. These cases are easily differentiated from cases of the chlorosis type of which we recently observed some instances. While these factors were becoming clear in our minds, 2 fresh instances of anemia of this type came under observation. The patients were young soldiers, for a long time living under severe deprivation and lately for 2 months suffering from diarrhea of unknown origin. The first patient (Chart 1) was placed on the Hospitals ordinary Chinese diet. This diet is a well balanced diet, meat free and predominantly vegetarian, but decidedly better in quality than the ordinary diet of the poorer classes. After an observation period cod liver oil was given in doses of 15 cc. daily.