Chih-Hsin Huang

Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Resulting in ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Rare Case Report

Acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning with cardiac complications is well documented in the literature. However, ST segment elevation is a rare presentation, and most of these cases with ST elevation have revealed non‐occlusive or normal coronary arteries. We report a case of CO poisoning complicated with ST elevation myocardial infarction. Emergency coronary angiography revealed total occlusion of the left anterior descending artery and primary percutaneous coronary intervention was performed. This report of a rare case should remind physicians that cardiovascular investigations, including electrocardiography, must be performed in cases with CO poisoning because mortality might increase if reperfusion therapy or appropriate medical treatments are not performed in patients with acute coronary artery occlusion.

Changes of coronary risk factors after eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Several epidemiological studies have shown a positive correlation between chronic gastric infection with Helicobacter pylori (HP) and coronary artery disease. A number of reports also claimed that there are strong relationships between HP infection and coronary risk factors. However, clinical studies concerning the changes of coronary risk factors after eradication of HP infection are few and contradictory. We conducted a prospective study aiming to compare sugar, lipid and fibrinolytic profiles before HP eradication with those after HP eradication. HP infection was confirmed by endoscope-based examinations and eradicated by a standard OAC (omeperazole-amoxicillin-clarithromycin) regimen. We measured and compared pre- and post-eradication blood sugar, lipid profiles (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride) and fibrinolytic profiles (tissue-plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fibrinogen, and D-dimer levels). Forty-eight patients (male:female, 25:23; mean age, 50.8 +/- 11.3 years) with gastric HP infection were enrolled in this study. Although HP infection was confirmed to have been successfully eradicated, no significant changes of blood fasting sugar, lipids or fibrinolytic profiles were found in patients after treatment. Coronary risk factors including fasting sugar, lipid and fibrinolytic profiles were not changed after successful HP eradication treatment. The relationship between HP infection and coronary artery disease needs to be clarified.

The effect of fluvastatin on fibrinolytic factors in patients with hypercholesterolemia.

Several studies have shown cardiovascular benefit in treating hypercholesterolemia with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. However, in addition to the lowering of cholesterol, the beneficial effects of this inhibitor reflect other pharmacological activities. Whether these beneficial effects are partly mediated by changes in fibrinolytic factors remains to be proven, since clinical studies on the effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on fibrinolytic factors have not yielded consistent results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of fluvastatin on fibrinolytic factors in hypercholesterolemic patients. After 6 weeks on a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet, 23 outpatients known to have primary hypercholesterolemia with low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) > or = 130 mg/dl with at least 2 risk factors or fasting LDL-C > or = 160 mg/dl were selected for the study. Venous blood samples were collected at baseline and at 8 weeks after fluvastatin therapy (40 mg/day) to measure of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activators inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), fibrinogen, D-dimer and lipid profile. After 8 weeks of therapy, fluvastatin reduced serum cholesterol by 11% (261.9 mg/dl vs 233.2 mg/dl, P < 0.01) and LDL-C by 22% (191.9 mg/dl vs 149.3 mg/dl, P < 0.01). D-dimer was significantly decreased (0.38 ng/L vs 0.28 ng/L, P = 0.02) and tPA, PAI-1 and fibrinogen tended to decrease after therapy. Fluvastatin therapy improved fibrinolytic profile; the result of this study may in part explain the benefit of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor on cardiovascular system other than lipid lowering.

Tuberculous Pericardial Abscess: A Case Report

We present the case of a 71‐year‐old diabetic man who came to us complaining of dyspnea for 1 month. Chest X‐ray showed cardiomegaly and bilateral pleural effusion. Echocardiography showed a pericardial cystic mass with external compression of the right ventricle. Because of clinically impending cardiac tamponade, we performed urgent sternotomy and removed the pericardial mass without event. Pathologic examination of the excised pericardial specimen showed caseous necrosis compatible with tuberculosis infection. The patient was put on a 1‐year treatment regimen of anti‐tuberculosis medication. This case is an important reminder that tuberculosis can occur as a pericardial abscess.

Cold Effect on QT Dispersion in Healthy Subjects

Thirty-one healthy subjects, aged 35 +/- 6 (21 to 48) years, were included in the study to evaluate the effect of ice water immersion on QT dispersion. There was no difference in the age between females (n = 11) and males (n = 20). Baseline, stress (at the end of ice water immersion, 4 degrees C, for 3 minutes) and recovery 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded on each subject. During the test, a significant variability developed in both the QT dispersion (52 +/- 17, 68 +/- 25 and 59 +/- 21 ms; p = 0.015) and the corrected QT dispersion (56 +/- 17, 76 +/- 27 and 64 +/- 23 ms; p = 0.005), but not in the heart rate (74 +/- 11, 76 +/- 9, and 74 +/- 9 bpm, respectively; p = 0.447). There was no inter-sex difference in the baseline heart rate or QT dispersion, or in their response to ice water immersion. Age significantly correlated with the variation of QT dispersion to ice water immersion (r = 0.380, p = 0.035). With 37 years of age as a separation point, the variation of QT dispersion to ice water immersion was more obvious in the older group (28 +/- 22 vs. 10 +/- 19 ms, p = 0.023). In conclusion, cold may increase QT dispersion in healthy subjects, with a more obvious effect in the older ones.

High Prevalence of Isovolumic Relaxation Flow in Healthy Subjects

Background: Inhomogenous left ventricular activation–inactivation has been suggested to play a role in the genesis of segmental early relaxation and in turn of isovolumic relaxation flow (IRF). The spatial distribution of conduction system in the left ventricle leads to heterogenous activation sequence even in healthy subjects. This study was conducted to evaluate our hypothesis that IRF should be ubiquitous in healthy subjects. Methods: This prospective study included 126 healthy subjects (aged 15–81 years) free of acute or chronic illness by history and physical examination. No significant abnormality appeared in the resting 12‐lead electrocardiogram or transthoracic echocardiogram. With the pulsed‐wave Doppler echocardiography, the sample volume was placed at the mid‐ventricle to detect the IRF. Results: An apically directed IRF, with the velocity 17–101 cm/sec and the duration 57–145 ms, could be detected in all the study subjects. There was no inter‐sex difference in such characteristics of IRF. However, its duration and velocity got longer and higher with aging. The fractional shortening of the left ventricle and the interventricular septal thickness were stepwisely selected as the determinants of the IRF velocity, and the transmitral E‐to‐A wave velocity ratio, the left ventricular inflow propagation velocity, and the interventricular septal thickness as the determinants of the IRF duration. Conclusions: IRF is ubiquitous in healthy subjects. Both the duration and the velocity of IRF present an aging trend and may be mainly related to left ventricular diastolic and systolic performance, respectively.

Role of Intraventricular Dispersion of Early Diastolic Filling in Indicating Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction: Assessment by Color M-Mode Inflow Propagation Velocity

The intraventricular to mitral E velocity ratio (IvE/MvE) and the color M-mode Doppler inflow propagation velocity (LVIPV) were evaluated in 36 healthy controls and 33 patients with hypertension and/or ischemic heart disease. The intraventricular E velocity was significantly lower than the mitral E velocity in the control group (52 vs. 68 cm/s, p < 0.001), but they are similar in the disease group (59 vs. 63 cm/s, p = nonsignificant). Compared with the control group, the disease group had a higher IvE/MvE (0.95 ± 0.28 vs. 0.78 ± 0.23, p < 0.01). Nevertheless, the LVIPV was not significantly different between the disease and control groups (53 ± 14 vs. 56 ± 13 cm/s, p = nonsignificant). The LVIPV did not correlate with the IvE/MvE (r = 0.202, p = nonsignificant). Therefore, an intraventricular dispersion of early diastolic filling does not seem to indicate impaired left ventricular relaxation.

Effect of Short-term Cardiac Memory on Ventricular Electrical Restitution and QT Intervals in Humans

Cardiac memory (CM) can alter the configuration of action potentials and the transmural repolarization gradient in ventricular tissue. This study evaluated the effects of CM on ventricular arrhythmogenicity. A total of 20 patients (12 females, 8 males; mean age, 46 ± 13 years) were enrolled. The following indicators were measured to evaluate ventricular arrhythmogenicity: (1) the action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD 90) recorded from the right ventricular apex (RVA); (2) the maximal slope of the action potential duration restitution curve (APDR) constructed by programmed extra stimuli from RVA; and (3) the maximal corrected QT interval (QTc) and QT interval dispersion (QTd). The short‐term CM was induced by constant pacing from the RVA at a pacing cycle length (PCL) of 400 ms for 20 minutes. After induction of CM, the mean APD 90 were significantly shortened at both PCLs of 600 ms and 400 ms (252.9 ± 6.4 ms vs. 235.6 ± 6.4 ms and 231.2 ± 6.4 ms vs. 214.4 ± 7.3 ms, respectively; p = 0.001). No significant change regarding the maximal slopes of APDR were found at both PCLs of 600 ms and 400 ms (1.05 ± 0.09 vs. 0.96 ± 0.11 and 0.85 ± 0.08 vs. 0.84 ± 0.09, respectively). QTc (417.3 ± 9.1 ms vs. 454.7 ± 8.3 ms; p = 0.001), but not QTd (63.4 ± 5.4 ms vs. 65.7 ± 6.1 ms), was significantly shortened. Short‐term CM significantly decreased ventricular APD 90 and QTc, but did not significantly change the maximal slope of APDR or QTd. These results suggest that CM might not have a significant effect on ventricular arrhythmogenicity.

Differentiation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by Mid-Diastolic Mitral Annular Motion Patterns

Mid-diastolic mitral annular motion may be driven by strain energy, an energy for myocardial recoil, stored during the previous systole. Hence, various patterns of mid-diastolic mitral annular motion may imply different left ventricular (LV) diastolic function. The purpose of this study is to compare LV diastolic properties among different types of mid-diastolic mitral annular motion. Two-hundred and three consecutive subjects underwent an echocardiographic examination at our outpatient clinic. Study subjects were classified into three groups according to mid-diastolic mitral annular motion patterns. Upward and downward La waves were defined, respectively, as a clear apically and atrially directed mid-diastolic annular motion on at least three consecutive beats with the average peak velocity > or =2 cm/s. Subjects with upward La wave, with downward but without upward La wave and without La wave were categorized as groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Early diastolic mitral annular velocity (Ea) was higher and the ratio of transmitral E wave velocity to Ea was lower in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3 (all p < 0.001). The diagnostic accuracy of upward La wave in prediction of normal diastolic function fell between 75% and 88%. In conclusion, patients with upward La wave had better LV diastolic function and lower LV filling pressure than patients without it. Upward La wave is useful in prediction of normal diastolic function. Therefore, analysis of mid-diastolic mitral annular motion may be complementary to other measures of LV diastolic function. (

Effect of Ionic and Nonionic Contrast Media on Fibrinolysis in Patients Undergoing Angiocardiography

Very few investigators have studied the effect of contrast media on fibrinolysis. The results of those previous studies are contradictory and inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ionic and nonionic contrast media on fibrinolysis in patients undergoing angiocardiography. Sixty-two patients randomly received either ionic contrast medium Hypaque-76 (n = 31) or nonionic contrast medium Ultravist-370 (n = 31). Plasma tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), fibrinogen, and D-dimer were measured before and 20 minutes after the procedures. A significant increase of PAI-1 levels was seen in the Ultravist group but not in the Hypaque group. The t-PA and fibrinogen levels remained virtually unchanged in both groups. A significant increase of D-dimer concentrations was observed in the Hypaque group but not in the Ultravist group. The results of this study may in part explain the reason that the ionic contrast media produce fewer thromboembolic complications than the nonionic contrast media during the cardiac catheterization.