Chih-Kai Chen

Causal modeling of knowledge‐based economy

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show how research on knowledge‐based economy (KBE) has increased noticeably in recent years. However, while some literature is available on construct model and validity analysis, little information is available on causal model. Design/methodology/approach – This work used the Knowledge Assessment Scorecards of World Bank, applying the linear structural relation model to address the causal model of knowledge‐based economy. Findings – The results found that an open innovation system was the key to the knowledge‐based economy competitiveness, and the effective information technology and excellent human resources were over the economic environment. Research limitations/implications – This work is a cross sectional analysis that considers the causality between different KBE endowments. However, focusing on specific group by longitudinal analysis should be further considered. Moreover, this work addresses the causality between different KBE endowments; however, the proposed model did not compare the differences between the different countries, regions, and socioeconomics. Practical implications – This work suggests that every country should construct an open national innovations system, and that not only focuses on the participated public and private sectors but also expands to relative economic structure, regime, and various social cooperation networks that help effectively improve collective learning and knowledge innovation. Originality/value – This work used the 2005 KAS comprising a set of 80 structural and qualitative variables that benchmark how an economy compares with its neighbors, competitors, or countries. The comparison is undertaken for a group of 132 countries that include almost all of OECD economies and about 90 developing countries. Moreover, this work used the path analysis with observed variables (PA‐OV) model under the LISREL to address the causality between different KBE endowments. Overall, this work proposed some important conclusions and suggestions.

Linear Structural Cross-Group Relationship between Social Capital and National Competitiveness

Abstract Research on socioeconomic phenomenon by social capital has increased noticeably in recent years. However, while some literature is available on organizational sociology, political sociology and economic sociology, little information is available on macroeconomic and management. Thus, this work used the reports of World Value Survey, World Economic Forum, and International Management Development, applying the linear structural relation model to assess how social capital affects the national competitiveness. Overall, the results found that the accumulation of social capital can improve not only the other capitals but also the national competitiveness in a particular country. Thus, this work suggests that every country should enhance the development of social capital, thereby effectively improve national competitiveness.

Hierarchical Causal Model of Intellectual Property and Licensing

Abstract Research on culture industry has increased noticeably in recent years. But while some works are available on qualitative analysis, little information is available on quantitative analysis. Meanwhile, while the study on intellectual property and Licensing has been mounting steadily, little work is available on the balance of royalty and license fees. Thus, this work used the hierarchical Causal model to consider the relation between the intellectual property protection and the balance of royalty and license fees. Overall, the results indicated that both the intellectual property protection and the macroeconomic development positively related to the balance of royalty and license fees. Thus, this work suggests that every country should not only improve the regime of intellectual property protection, but also pay attention to the other macroeconomic factors that could aff ect the balance of royalty and license fees.

Application of multidimensional scaling on culture industry

Abstract Research on culture industry has increased noticeably in recent years. However, while some works are available on qualitative analysis, little information is available on quantitative analysis. Thus, this work used the multidimensional scaling to consider the characteristics of culture industry structure. Overall, the results showed that the industry structure closely related to the industry strength, and that the geography concentration closely related to the vertical disintegration. If focus on the explained variance of the core competitiveness of culture industry and use the agent variable of the added value and the export contribution, the average capital is over the other industry structure variables. Thus, this work suggests that the culture industry should move towards the high structure industry. In detail, enhance the average capital scale, and improve the industry cluster and the vertical disintegration. Moreover, learning the successful business model of multinational enterprises may help improve the global competitiveness of culture industry.

Intellectual property licensing and value creation of culture industry

Research on culture industry has increased noticeably in recent years. However, while some works are available on qualitative analysis, little information is available on quantitative analysis. Meanwhile, while the study on intellectual property has been mounting steadily, little work is available on the value creation of culture industry. Thus, this work used the reports of World Bank, applying the linear structural relation model to consider the relation between the intellectual property and the value creation of culture industry. Overall, the results indicated that the intellectual property plays an important role in the development of licensing industry and culture industry. Thus, this work suggests that should improve the regime of intellectual property protection and enhance the development of licensing industry. In detail, the modeling and globalization of the management process of licensing industry may help integrate the value chains of various industries, further improve the effect of industry clusters, and finally enhance the value creation of culture industry.

Multidimensional causality between industry structure and industry strength on architecture design industry

Abstract Works on architecture design industry has increased gradually over the past years. However, while some papers are available on qualitative approach, little information is available on quantitative strategy. Thus, this work used the multidimensional causality modeling to consider the differences among different architecture design industry segments. Overall, the results showed that the industry strength closely related to the industry structure, and that the vertical disintegration closely related to the geography concentration. Thus, this work suggests that different architecture design industry segments should move towards the high industry structure. In detail, enhance the geography industry cluster, and improve the vertical disintegration and market concentration may help promote the overall competitive advantage of architecture design industry.

Fashion luxury industry is not business as usual: An anti-business model

Abstract In the long standing academic world, academic loath fashion, so it is either in the critical mode such as Veblen’s sense that luxury is for upper class to distinct themselves from other social class through the luxury goods It is to show one’s ability to show consumption ability. The luxury good is symbolic in that it not only the good itself, but also the shopping experience.

Application of the Hierarchical Linear Model on the gambling revenues comparison between Las Vegas and Atlantic city

Abstract Research on gambling industry has increased noticeably in recent years. However, while some works are available on micro motives and macro socioeconomic effect analysis, little information is available on casino and non-casino revenues analysis, above all, addressing the revenues comparison between Las Vegas and Atlantic City. Thus, the hierarchical linear modeling was used in this work. Overall, the results indicated that the number of visitors positively related to the casino and non-casino revenues; total hotel rooms positively related to the non-casino revenue; casino square feet positively related to the casino revenues; different casino location may produce different direct and moderate effect in these relations. Thus, this work suggests that the casino operators should not only adopt the differential room, gaming, and entertainment strategies for improving the casino and non-casino revenues, but also pay attention to different casino location could directly and moderately affect these revenues.

Application of hierarchical linear growth modeling on social capital competitiveness

Abstract Research on society and economic development by social capital has been increasing- noticeably in recent years. However, while some literature is available on s organizational sociology of, political sociology, and economic sociology; little information for detecting how the time trend and social capital affect the national competitiveness is available on macroeconomic and management. Thus, this work used the hierarchical linear growth modeling to consider the social capital competitiveness. Overall, the results indicated that the time trend, social capital, and the degree of economic development positively related to the national competitiveness. Thus, this work suggests that each country should not only improve the degree of economic development, but also accumulate and use the social capital well, in order to enhance national competitiveness effectively.

Application of hierarchical linear modeling on structure and performance in culture industry

Abstract Research on culture industry has increased noticeably in recent years. However, while some works are available on literature review and qualitative analysis, little information is available on empirical study and quantitative analysis. Thus, this work used the hierarchical linear modeling to consider the relation between structure and performance on cultural and creative industry. Overall, the results indicated that the capital intensity positively related to the outcome performance, and the vertical disintegration will cause the direct and moderator effect in the relation between the capital intensity and outcome performance. Thus, this work suggests that the firms should not only initiate strategy based on individual resources such as developing toward high capital intensity structure, but also pay attention to the related industrial level factors that could affect the outcome performance.