Chinnadurai Immanuel Selvaraj

Phyllanthus emblica seed extract mediated synthesis of PdNPs against antibacterial, heamolytic and cytotoxic studies

Ecofriendly synthesis of Palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) were achieved using Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica) seeds as reducing agent. Further the ecofriendly synthesized PdNPs were subjected for various analytical techniques like UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, Zeta potential, SEM and TEM. The results indicated that green synthesized PdNPs were spherical in shape with average particle size of 28±2nm with moderate stability. Further the synthesized PdNPs and extract were subjected for its antibacterial studies against various disease causing pathogens by agar well diffusion method. Seed extract resulted in 8.9±1.46mm against B. subtilis and PdNPs showed 9.6±1.10mm against S. aureus and synthesized PdNPs and extract were tested for hemolytic which resulted in 20% and 10% respectively. Toxicity studies were done against Artemia salina (A. salina). The LC50 value of green synthesized P. emblica capped PdNPs and the P. emblica seed extract were found to be less toxic for A. salina with a value of 1.00μg/mL and 1.25μg/mL. In addition samples were checked for in vitro cytotoxicity assays on HeLa cell lines.

Photocatalytic degradation of nitrophenol using biologically active Phyllanthus emblica seed extract.

The present study deals about the vicinity of phytochemicals present in the Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica) seed extract. The bio-active compounds present in the methanolic seed extract have been identified using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS)·The antioxidant activity of P. emblica seed extract was evaluated using assistance of DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. The determination of total phenol and flavonoid substance were contemplated. Further blood clot lysis activity was also done to check the percentage of clot lysis in methanolic seed extract. The result proved that seed extract has potential application. The GCMS results of P. emblica suggest that Octyl-β-d-Glucopyranoside is present in major quantity. The work has been designed towards the degradation of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol using P. emblica methanolic seed extract. The progress of nitrophenol degradation has been observed in UV-visible spectroscopy. At 5min duration, the 4-nitrophenol has been degraded up to 82.42%. This may be due to the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, carbohydrate and phenols in the P. emblica seed extract. The seed extract showed good scavenging activity which resulted in IC50 value of 85.92μg/mL. The total phenol and flavonoid content present in the extract were 48.242 and 12.72mg/mL. Also the seed extract showed good lysis when compared to the standard streptokinase.

Evaluation of Octyl-β-D-Glucopyranoside (OGP) for Cytotoxic, Hemolytic, Thrombolytic, and Antibacterial Activity

The current study indicates that octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (OGP) as a detergent which has the ability to make the lipid layer stiff. OGP was subjected for toxicity studies and in vitro cytotoxicty assays on cancerous HeLa and non-cancerous myoblasts H9c2 cell lines. Test against aquatic organisms were carried out in Artemia salina and LC50 values were calculated. Hemolytic activity tested for blood bio-compalibity showed hemolysis rate of 10–16%, followed by thrombolytic activity to burst the clots in blood. Also, the samples showed good lysis when compared to the standard streptokinase. Furthermore, α-amylase activity has been carried out to check the inhibition of α-amylase by the OGP. Finally, antibacterial activity has been tested against four different pathogens and their MIC values have been calculated.

Photocatalytic degradation of synthetic food dye, sunset yellow FCF (FD&C yellow no. 6) by Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. possessing antioxidant and cytotoxic activity

The purpose of our work is to identify the bioactive compounds of bark and leaves extract from Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. and to explore its effectiveness against synthetic food dye. The presence of primary and secondary metabolites was confirmed by carrying out phytochemicals analysis. With the prior knowledge accessible on the indispensable secondary metabolites holding antioxidant and cytotoxicity activity, the quantitative screening of total phenolic and flavonoid content in methanolic and aqueous extract of bark and leaves from Ailanthus excelsa were done. Comparatively, a higher value of flavonoid (161±0.3μg/mg) and phenolic acid content (152.4±0.14μg/mg) was found in bark extract. By FTIR analysis, the characteristic peak was obtained at 1581.63 and 1598.99cm-1 confirmed the presence of functional groups associated to flavonoids and other phenolic groups respectively. In bark extract, 81% of DPPH inhibition was observed when compared to ascorbic acid (standard) 92% of free radical scavenging activity. Bark extract from Ailanthus excelsa exhibited 71% cytotoxicity against HeLa cell line (cervical cancer). In examining the toxicity level of crude extracts with red blood cells (RBC), the bark extract was showed a very less (2.8%) haemolytic activity. They also showed maximum zone of inhibition in antibacterial activity i.e. 13±0.5mm against Escherichia coli culture. At a concentration of 10mg/mL of crude extract from A. excelsa, 55% degradation of sunset yellow dye was observed. It concludes that, the compounds present in the A. excelsa, especially the bark extract showed better photocatalytic, haemolytic, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity when compared to leaves extract.

An in silico model for rapid identification of multiple bacteria in resource limited laboratories

We have developed an in silico model for simplified detection of five major food borne bacteria using common PCR primer based on conserved region °anking a variable region in the first rRNA operon sequences. The RFLP pattern exhibited on virtual SmaI and MboI digestion were unique to each genus. This design is based on the combination of comparative sequence analysis, conventional PCR and restriction digestion methods. We believe this approach as a better alternative to 16S rRNA sequencing based identification / detection of bacteria and suited for the resource limited academic research laboratories in which variety of bacteria are used in different students’ projects.