Chiyo Shibata

Agromyces marinus sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from sea sediment.

Two novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacteria, designated H23-8T and H23-19, were isolated from a sea sediment sample and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that these isolates were closely related to the members of the genus Agromyces, with similarity range of 94.5–97.4%. Strains H23-8T and H23-19 contained L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycan. The predominant menaquinones were MK-13 and MK-12, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0. The DNA G+C content was 72.3–72.5 mol%. The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolates matched those described for members of the genus Agromyces. The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8T and H23-19 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicated that the two isolates should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces marinus sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is H23-8T (=NBRC 109019T=DSM 26151T).

Lactobacillus ixorae sp. nov., isolated from a flower (West-Indian jasmine)

A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid bacterium, strain Ru20-1T, was isolated from a flower (West-Indian jasmine) collected from Kalasin province, Thailand. A polyphasic approach was used to determine the taxonomic position of this strain. Studies of morphological and biochemical characteristics revealed that strain Ru20-1T belonged to the genus Lactobacillus. The strain was heterofermentative, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped. It produced dl-lactic acid. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, this strain was closely related to Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T (96.8 %), Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (95.4 %) and Lactobacillus florum NRIC 0771T (95.2 %), respectively. In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain Ru20-1T was clearly separated from closely related species of the genus Lactobacillus. The DNA G+C content of strain Ru20-1T was 47.8 mol %. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was l-Lys-d-Asp. The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C20 : 0, C20 : 1ω9c and summed feature 7 (unknown 18.846 and/or C19 : 1ω6c and/or C19 : 0 cyclo). On the basis of the data provided, strain Ru20-1T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus ixorae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Ru20-1T (=LMG 29008T=NBRC 111239T=PCU 346T=TISTR 2381T).

Zhihengliuella flava sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from sea sediment, and emended description of the genus Zhihengliuella

A novel Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium, designated H85-3(T), was isolated from a sea sediment sample and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain H85-3(T) was closely related to the members of the genus Zhihengliuella with pairwise sequence similarities of 97.4-98.6 %. The peptidoglycan of strain H85-3(T) was found to be of the A4α type with lysine as the diagnostic diamino acid. The menaquinones were MK-9, MK-10 and MK-8 (56 : 30 : 14) and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. These data supported the affiliation of strain H85-3(T) to the genus Zhihengliuella. Meanwhile, the results of DNA-DNA hybridization, along with the differences in some phenotypic characteristics, indicated that strain H85-3(T) should be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Zhihengliuella. Therefore, strain H85-3(T) represents a novel species of the genus Zhihengliuella, for which the name Zhihengliuella flava sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is H85-3(T) ( = NBRC 109021(T) = DSM 26152(T)). An emended description of the genus Zhihengliuella is also proposed.

Streptomyces hyaluromycini sp. nov., isolated from a tunicate (Molgula manhattensis).

A novel Gram-stain-positive actinomycete, designated MB-PO13T, was isolated from a tunicate (Molgula manhattensis) collected in Tokyo Bay, Japan, and its taxonomic position was studied by a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain MB-PO13T was closely related to Streptomyces graminisoli JR-12T (99.72% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T (99.23%). The strain contained LL-diaminopimelic acid in the whole-cell hydrolysate. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H6) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0. These data supported the affiliation of the novel strain to the genus Streptomyces. Meanwhile, results of DNA−DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests indicated that strain MB-PO13T was distinguished from known Streptomyces type strains. Therefore, strain MB-PO13T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces hyaluromycini sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is MB-PO13T (=NBRC 110483T =DSM 100105T).

Reclassification of Amycolicicoccus subflavus as Hoyosella subflava comb. nov. and emended descriptions of the genus Hoyosella and Hoyosella altamirensis.

16S rRNA gene sequences of two type strains belonging to different genera within the suborder Corynebacterineae, namely Hoyosella altamirensis and Amycolicicoccus subflavus, show a similarity of 99.8 %. Therefore, in order to clarify their taxonomic relationship, a polyphasic recharacterization under the same conditions was carried out. The peptidoglycan of H. altamirensis NBRC 109631T and A. subflavus NBRC 109087T was of A1γ type with meso-diaminopimelic acid as their diagnostic diamino acid. Both strains contained MK-8 as the only detected menaquinone, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol as the principal polar lipids. The coincidences of these chemotaxonomic features suggested that H. altamirensis and A. subflavus should be assigned to the same genus. Meanwhile, the average nucleotide identity value between both strains and the results of physiological and biochemical tests indicated that H. altamirensis and A. subflavus should be affiliated to different species. Therefore, according to Rules 38 and 41a of the Bacteriological Code, it is proposed that Amycolicicoccus subflavus Wang et al. 2010 be reclassified as Hoyosella subflava comb. nov. (type strain DQS3-9A1T=CGMCC 4.3532T=DSM 45089T=JCM 17490T=NBRC 109087T) and the descriptions of the genus HoyosellaJurado et al. 2009 and Hoyosella altamirensisJurado et al. 2009 are emended accordingly.

Agromyces iriomotensis sp. nov. and Agromyces subtropicus sp. nov., isolated from soil.

Three novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria, designated IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113, were isolated from soil samples from Iriomote Island, Okinawa, Japan, and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the three isolates were closely related to the members of the genus Agromyces, with similarity range of 95.6-98.7%. The isolates contained l-2,4-diaminobutylic acid, d-alanine, d-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycans. The predominant menaquinone was MK-12 and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. The DNA G+C contents were 70.9-72.9 mol%. The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolates matched those described for members of the genus Agromyces. The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. nov. and Agromyces subtropica sp. nov. are proposed; the type strains are IY07-20(T) ( = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T)) and IY07-56(T) ( = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T)), respectively.

Actinoplanes bogoriensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from leaf litter.

A novel actinomycete, designated LIPI11-2-Ac043T, was isolated from leaf litter collected in Indonesia. According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain LIPI11-2-Ac043T was closely related to Actinoplanes abujensis A4029T (99.3%) and Actinoplanes brasiliensis DSM 43805T (98.8%). Spores of strain LIPI11-2-Ac043T were motile and the sporangia were spherical. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H6) and the principal polar lipids were phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphospatidylglycerol. The whole-cell sugars were galactose, glucose and mannose; rhibose, arabinose and xylose were also detected as minor components. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. These data supported the affiliation of strain LIPI11-2-Ac043T to the genus Actinoplanes. Meanwhile, the results of DNA–DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests indicated that strain LIPI11-2-Ac043T can be distinguished from its closest related species. Therefore, strain LIPI11-2-Ac043T represents a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, for which the name Actinoplanes bogoriensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LIPI11-2-Ac043T (=InaCC A522T=NBRC 110975T).

Kocuria pelophila sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove.

A novel spherical actinobacterium, designated RS-2-3T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove growing on Rambut Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain RS-2-3T was related to the members of the genus Kocuria. The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value was observed with Kocuria marina KMM 3905T (97.0 %). The peptidoglycan type of strain RS-2-3T was found to be A3α with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Ala4-5. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7(H2) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 71.8 mol%. These characteristics were consistent with those of members of the genus Kocuria. Meanwhile, physiological and biochemical characteristics revealed that strain RS-2-3T differed from the species of the genus Kocuria with validly published names. Therefore, strain RS-2-3T represents a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria pelophila sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RS-2-3T (=NBRC 110990T=InaCC A704T).

Janibacter cremeus sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from sea sediment.

A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated HR08-44(T), was isolated from a sea-sediment sample collected from the foreshore of Rishiri Island, Japan, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain HR08-44(T) was closely related to the members of the genus Janibacter, with pairwise sequence similarities of 97.3-98.8 %. Strain HR08-44(T) had peptidoglycan type A1γ, with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4) and the major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. These data supported the affiliation of the novel strain to the genus Janibacter. Meanwhile, the results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests indicated that strain HR08-44(T) can be distinguished from recognized species of the genus Janibacter. Therefore, strain HR08-44(T) represents a novel species of the genus Janibacter, for which the name Janibacter cremeus sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is HR08-44(T) ( = NBRC 107693(T) = DSM 26154(T)).

Streptomyces andamanensis sp. nov., isolated from soil.

A novel actinomycete, strain KC-112T, was isolated from soil collected from Similan Islands, Phang-Nga Province, Thailand. The strain exhibited morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics consistent with those of members of the genus Streptomyces. The formation of smooth spiral spore chains was observed on aerial mycelia. ll-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in whole-cell hydrolysates, but no diagnostic sugars were detected and the strain lacked mycolic acids. The N-acyl type of muramic acid was acetyl. The major menaquinones were MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H2). The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown aminolipid, unknown lipids and an unknown glycolipid. The DNA G+C content was 73 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KC-112T was closely related to Streptomyces fumanus NBRC 13042T (98.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Streptomyces anandii NBRC 13438T (98.8 %) and Streptomyces capillispiralis NBRC 14222T (98.8 %). DNA-DNA relatedness values among strain KC-112T and type strains of closely related species were lower than 70 %. On the basis of evidence from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, strain KC-112T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, namely Streptomyces andamanensis sp. nov. The type strain is KC-112T ( = KCTC 29502T = NBRC 110085T = PCU 347T = TISTR 2401T).