Chizuko Yatome

Degradation of crystal violet by Nocardia corallina

Crystal Violet (BV3), a typical triphenylmethane dye, was degraded by growing cells of Nocardia corallina IAM 12121, although their growth was inhibited at the initial stage of incubation. The dye was degraded at a low concentration, below 5 μmol dm−3. The growth of the cells was completely inhibited at a dye concentration of 7 μmol dm−3. A degradation product of BV3 was identified as 4,4′-bis(dimethylamino) benzophenone (Michlers ketone; MK) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The product was obtained in a reasonable yield since it was not further metabolized by N. corallina IAM 12121.

Biodegradation of azo dyes in multistage rotating biological contactor immobilized by assimilating bacteria.

Wastewaters from deing and finishing processes contain a large amount of organic substances such as thickening agents as well as dyes. It is expected to develop a wastewater clarification technology for removing the dyes and the other organic substances in a single operation by use of the dye assimilating bacteria. The model wastewater was treated, by a rotating biological contactor with disk on which Pseudomonas cepacia 13N was immobilized with k-carrageenan gel

Influence of chromium compounds on microbial growth and nucleic acid synthesis

The wastewaters of the dyeing and the tanning industry contain often various chromium compounds, e.g. K{sub 2}Cr{sub 2}O{sub 7} and CrCl{sub 3}, with a large quantity of organic substances. Biological treatments have generally been employed in these industrial factories for the biodegradation of organic substances. The toxicity of the chromium compounds have been studied regarding mutagenicity and carcinogenicity from the medical view point. This is also of interest from the view point of wastewater biological treatments. The inhibitory effects of the compounds on the cell growth and the respiration in activated sludge have been reported in detail, but mechanisms have not been sufficiently elucidated. Therefore, the influence of K{sub 2}Cr{sub 2}O{sub 7} and CrCl{sub 3} on the cell growth and on the nucleic acid content was measured. Both compounds were the inhibitors of DNA synthesis. These action resulted in increased generation time a decrease in cell division. Chromium compounds and dyes coexist often in the wastewaters of the dyeing industries. The growth inhibitions of the mixed solution were measured.

MICROBIAL REDUCTION OF AZO DYES BY SEVERAL STRAINS

Abstract The microbial reduction of relatively simple azo dyes was investigated. The reduction in the initial step of the microbial degradation of the dyes was microorganism‐specific or dye‐specific, because the reduction of the dyes was directly dependent not only on the presence of azoreductase in the microorganisms, but on the permeation of the dye molecules into the cells. The cell permeability barrier of the dye molecules was observed for both sulfonated azo dyes and unsulfonated azo dyes. It was also observed that microbial azoreductase exhibit a narrow specificity.

Growth Inhibition of Bacillus subtilis upon Interaction between Basic Dyes and DNA

Wastewater in the process of dyeing is not always purified effectively by biological treatment such as the activated sludge method, since dyes, bichromates, etc. contained in the water are toxic to microbes. In preference to employment of the treatment, therefore, how the components of the water influence growth and physiological activities of microbes should have to be evaluated. It was reported in a previous paper that growth inhibition of cells by dyes results from a lowering of nucleic acid synthesis. In this paper, adsorption isotherms of basic dyes to cells, effects of dyes on melting temperature of DNA and mutagenicity of dyes were measured respectively, and the correlation between these values and cell growth inhibition was investigated. It was found from the results that stabilization of DNA double helix was related closely to cell growth inhibition.

Degradation of 4′-dimethylaminoazobenzene-2-carboxylic acid by Pseudomonas stutzeri

Abstract4′-Dimethylaminoazobenzene-2-carboxylic acid (DMBC) was utilized as a necessary carbon and nitrogen source by Pseudomonas stutzeri IAM 12097. o-Aminobenzoic acid (o-ABA), N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DMPA) and cathecol were identified as intermediates of DMBC degradation. DMBC was degraded at a concentration below 70 μmol dm−3. The ability to utilize DMBC in P. stutzeri was lost spontaneously to some extent. When P. stutzeri was cured of plasmid DNA (approximately 8 MDal) by treatment with mitomycin C, acridine orange, and chloramphenicol, DMBC was not utilized by the resultant strain. These facts suggest that the degradative ability on DMBC in P. stutzeri is controlled by plasmid DNA.

Facile synthesis of 9-[(1′R,2′S)-2′-hydroxy-3′-oxocyclopentan-1′-yl]-9-H-adenine possessing inhibitory activity against human recombinant S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase

Abstract Treatment of 4′- O -methanesulfonyl-2′,3′- O -isopropylidenenoraristeromycin with KOBu t gave the corresponding 3′,4′-dehydro derivative, and subsequent deprotection resulted in the formation of 9-[(1′ R ,2′ S )-2′-hydroxy-3′-oxocyclopentan-1′-yl]-9- H -adenine possessing inhibitory activity against human recombinant S -adenosyl- l -homocysteine hydrolase (EC 3.3.1.1). In sharp contrast to KOBu t , when lithium azide was adopted as a base, 9-[(1′ R ,2′ S ,3′ R )-2′,3′- O -isopropylidenedioxy-4′-cyclopenten-1′-yl]-9- H -adenine was selectively obtained, and subsequent deprotection afforded DHCeA, which is a well-known potential antiviral agent.

Decolorization of methyl red by a mixed culture of Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas stutzeri.

ABSTRACT The decolorization of methyl red directed toward rapid reduction of azo group by a mixed culture of Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas stutzeri was investigated. The improvement of the decolorization of methyl red was obtained by a mixed culture (a mixed culture 2) with particular proportion of two bacteria (Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas stutzeri). The mixed culture 2 was grown in a LB medium with methyl red. The improvement of the decolorization of methyl red was obtained only by the growing mixed culture and not obtained by the mixture of the resting cells.

Decolorization and Degradation of Xanthene Dyes by a White Rot Fungus, Coriolus Versicolor

Abstract The decolorization of six xanthene dyes (conc. 100 μM) by a white rot fungus, Coriolus versicolor (C. versicolor), was investigated in liquid culture. The decolorization of Fluorescein, 4-Aminofluorescein, and 5-Aminofluorescein by the fungus was 85.0, 95.0, and 91.9% after 14 days incubation, respectively. However, no decolorization of Rhodamine B, Rhodamine 123 hydrate, and Rhodamine 6G was observed. The first three dyes also were decolorized with cell-free extracts from C. versicolor. The decolorization activity was 10.2, 6.7, and 7.2 μM min−1 mg−1, respectively. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) analyses indicated that degradation of Fluorescein was occurring with the detection of three degradation products.

A Convenient Synthesis of Acyclic Adenosines with an Unsaturated Side Chain by Modification of 9-(2,3-O-Isopropylidene-D-Ribityl)Adenine

Abstract In expectation of discovering their antiviral activity, acyclic adenosine derivatives 7, 11, 12, and 16 were designed as analogs of neplanocin A (NPA) and L-eritadenine which are strong inhibitors of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase. The 1′,5′-seco-analog of 4′-deoxymethyl-NPA (DHCA) 7 was synthesized by dideoxygenation of 9-(2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-ribityl)adenine (2). Acyclic DHCA analogs 11 and 16 were obtained by Wittig reaction of the aldehyde 3 with Ph3P=CHCO2Et and Ph3P=CHCN, respectively. Hydrolysis of the ester 11 afforded a vinylog of L-eritadenine 12. The synthesized acyclic nucleosides 7, 10, and 11 were evaluated for antiviral activity, however, none of them showed any significant antiviral activity.