Cholenahalli Nanjappa Manjunath

Vanishing right ventricular outflow obstruction: an unusual presentation of mediastinal lymphoma

A 23-year-old patient referred for cardiac evaluation in view of easy fatiguibility, significant weight loss, and a systolic murmur. Examination revealed muscle wasting, lymphadenopathy, and an ejection systolic murmur in the pulmonary area. Mediastinal widening was seen on chest X-ray. Echocardiography showed a large extracardiac soft tissue mass compressing …

Purulent Pericarditis with Quadruple Valve Endocarditis

Patient: Male, 7 Final Diagnosis: Purulent pericarditis with quadruple valve endocarditis Symptoms: — Medication: (4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-9-[2-(tert-butylamino)acetamido]-4,7 bis(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12aoctahydro-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-1,11-dioxo-2 naphthacenecarboxamide Clinical Procedure: Pericardiocentisis Specialty: Cardiology Objective: Rare disease Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a disease with a highly varied clinical picture. Spread of the infection to the pericardium from the infective endocardium is uncommon and IE involving all 4 cardiac valves is also a very rare occurrence, being more common in intravenous drug users (IVDU). Case Report: A 7-year-old boy had purulent pericarditis with infective endocarditis (IE) on all 4 cardiac valves and vegetation in the left ventricular and right atrial cavity. Culture of the pericardial fluid grew methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) sensitive to tigecycline. The child made a dramatic improvement with tigecycline treatment. Conclusions: Aggressive management with pericardiocentesis and appropriate antibiotics can show remarkable clinical improvement. Tigecycline can be used safely and effectively as a life-saving drug in children.

Percutaneous Device Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus with Pulmonary Artery Hypertension: Long-Term Results

UNLABELLED Device closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is treatment of choice. But device closure in presence of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) remains a challenge. Data on patient selection, technical considerations, and complications are limited. AIM To know the challenges and efficacy of device closure of PDA with PAH. MATERIALS AND RESULTS Out of 1,325 cases of device closure of PDA, 246 (18.6%) with PAH formed the study material. To test the feasibility, chosen device is used to occlude PDA for ten minutes without oxygen inhalation. The device is released only if PAH reduced. PAH decreased in all except in 1 patient after closure with muscular ventricular septal occluder (MVSDO), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) transiently increased (became supra-systemic), without significant reduction in aortic pressure. Device embolized in 8 patients (3.3%). Percutaneous retrieval was done in 4 (by snare in 2 and by fixing the cable to device in 2) and replaced with bigger devices. The surgical removal of the embolized MVSDO and ligation was done in 4 cases. All patients were on oral sildenafil and bosentan until PAP regressed to normal. Follow up was from 6 months to 9 years. No residual shunt in any patient on follow-up. The PAP regressed to normal in all except 5 cases (2.03%) of Downs syndrome with systemic PAP. CONCLUSIONS Device closure of PDA with PAH is feasible, safe in all age groups. Temporary PDA occlusion with device is effective and time saving for evaluating pulmonary vascular reactivity. Device embolization in aorta is higher with severe PAH. Novel method of retrieval is effective.

Use of CT Angiogram in Interventions Involving Coronary Artery Anomalies: A Case Series

Case series Patient: — Final Diagnosis: Coronary anamolies Symptoms: Chest pain Medication: None Clinical Procedure: PTCA with stent/CABG Specialty: Cardiology Objective: Challenging differential diagnosis Background: Coronary artery anomalies are rare, accounting for about 0.3–1.3% of patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography. Interventions in these cases are still rare, and therefore pose technical challenges during intervention. CT Angiography provides a non-invasive means of assessment of coronary artery disease and also shows the anatomy of the coronary tree. This helps in knowing the origin of the coronaries and also to plan selection of hardware. There are no specific guidelines for use of guiding catheters and guide wires in anomalous coronary artery intervention. Case Report: We report a series of 5 patients presenting with effort angina who had anomalous coronary arteries with coronary stenosis diagnosed by CT angiography. Three patients received percutaneous intervention, 1 patient underwent CABG, and 1 patient received medical management. Conclusions: CT Angiography provides a useful tool for showing the coronary anatomy and for selecting the guiding catheter and the guide wire that remain the mainstay of interventions in coronary artery anomalies.

Pulmonary hypertension due to presence of isolated partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection: A case report

Anomalous pulmonary venous return is an uncommon congenital malformation which can be broadly categorized into partial or total, of which the former is more common. The anomaly is considered to be partial if some of the pulmonary veins drain into the systemic circulation and total if all the pulmonary veins drain into systemic circulation. Isolated partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVC) is an uncommon finding and is a very uncommon cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Whilst many patients with PAPVC remain asymptomatic, some may present at a later age with symptoms related to left-to-right shunt, pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure. We are presenting an interesting case report of an 18 years old patient who presented with exertional dyspnea and fatigue conforming to NYHA class II symptom status. Trans-esophageal echocardiography revealed isolated obstructive PAPVC as the cause for pulmonary hypertension without other demonstrable left-to-right shunts.

Role of Interventional Cardiologists in Lower Limb Swelling/DVT -Case Series on May-Thurner Syndrome and its Variants

May-Thurner syndrome is a disorder of left common iliac vein compression by an overriding right common iliac artery that leads to deep venous thrombosis (DVT), commonly seen in young to middle-aged women. This obstruction may cause leg swelling, varicosities, deep venous thrombosis, chronic venous stasis ulcers, or more serious complications, such as pulmonary embolism. The diagnosis requires high clinical suspicion. Computed tomography venography depicts the extent of venous thrombosis and iliac venous compression in patients with underlying thrombotic and non-thrombotic pathologies. Endovascular ultrasound is highly useful to detect early mural changes and accurately quantify venous narrowing. Endovascular intervention with balloon dilatation and stenting with or without pharmacomechanical thrombectomy followed by long-term anticoagulation is the preferred treatment. We report a series of 9 patients presenting with deep vein thrombosis, varicosities and leg ulcers diagnosed by peripheral angiography and CT Venography. 8 patients received the percutaneous intervention (6 stenting and 2 balloon dilatation), 1 patient received medical management.

Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: The prognostic importance of lead augmented vector right and leads V7–V9

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with high mortality and among survivors have high morbidity. Electrocardiogram (ECG), a cost-effective and easily available, has traditionally been used not only just for diagnosis of MI but also for culprit vessel recognition and for prognostication. However, the role of lead augmented vector right (aVR) and leads V7–V9in acute MI are often neglected in clinical practice. We studied the role of lead aVR and leads V7–V9in ST-elevation MI (STEMI) patients. Methods: A total of 209 patients presenting with STEMI were enrolled in the study. History of comorbid conditions and habits was enquired. Routine blood tests were performed. Full spectrum ECG (including V7–9) and 2D-ECHO was performed on all patients. All the patients underwent revascularization by primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The role of lead aVR, lead V7, and leads V8–9 was analyzed in anterior wall MI (AWMI) and inferior wall MI. All the patients were followed up for 1 month for outcome assessment. Results: Of the 209 patients, 85.1% were males and 35.8% were diabetic, 60.2% were smokers, AWMI accounted for 55.5%. Lead aVR ST deviation was noted in 75.1% of patients (elevation in 17.7% and depression in 47.1%). V7 ST elevation occurred in 27.6% and V8–9 elevation occurred in 7.5% of the study population. Total death was 11.9% in the study (including the in-hospital mortality), all these patients had lead aVR ST segment deviation (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Lead aVR ST deviation and Lead V7 ST deviation helps to prognosticate the STEMI patients as high risk and those with aVR ST depression had higher mortality compared to aVR ST elevation because of larger myocardial involvement.

Timely embolectomy in acute massive pulmonary embolism prevents catastrophe: An experience from two cases

Acute massive pulmonary embolism is a life-threatening emergency that must be promptly diagnosed and managed. Over the last several years, the use of computed tomography scanning has improved the clinicians ability to diagnose acute pulmonary embolism. We report two cases of acute massive pulmonary embolism who presented with sudden onset of dyspnea and underwent successful open pulmonary embolectomy. The first case presented with acute onset of dyspnea of 2 days duration, in view of hemodynamic deterioration and two-dimensional echocardiography, it revealed clot in right ventricular (RV) apex and right pulmonary artery; the patient underwent cardiopulmonary bypass and open pulmonary embolectomy with RV clot extraction. The second case presented with a sudden onset of dyspnea on the 15th postoperative day for traumatic rupture of urinary bladder, in view of recent surgery, the patient was subjected to surgical embolectomy. Following surgical intervention, both the patients made a prompt recovery.

Successful management of Ellis type III left anterior descending artery perforation following percutaneous coronary intervention by a covered stent: Successfully resolved the dramatic complication

Coronary artery perforation is a rare but catastrophic complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Grade III coronary perforation and rupture invariably results in pericardial effusion and tamponade requiring urgent pericardiocentesis. Advances in coronary intervention have increased the opportunity to treat coronary artery perforation. We are reporting a case of 55 years old hypertensive female who presented with effort angina. Coronary angiogram revealed significant stenosis in the left anterior descending coronary artery. Post PCI, she had Ellis type III coronary perforation and pericardial tamponade and cardiogenic shock. The patient was resuscitated, pericardiocentesis done, autologous blood transfusion given and covered stent deployed.