Christian Dias Cabacinha

CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE EUCALIPTO E ACÁCIA, EM DIFERENTES ARRANJOS DE INTEGRAÇÃO LAVOURA-PECUÁRIA-FLORESTA

The objective was to evaluate initial growth of clonal Eucalyptus, hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla and Acacia (Acacia mangium) trees in alternate and not alternate rows of trees, intercropped with forage (crop-livestock-forest integration - CLFI) and monoculture. The design was a randomized complete block design with four replications, three arboreal arrangements consisting of eucalyptus, acacia + eucalyptus, acacia, all planted in crop-livestock-forest integration and two monoculture controls (Eucalyptus and Acacia). The height of eucalyptus trees is influenced by the consortium with Acacia in the studied CLFI designs, which does not happen with the diameter at breast height. The arrangement of species of eucalyptus and acacia intercropping in the same row planting has productivity equal to the array using only the lines of eucalyptus planting systems . Timber productivity of acacia and eucalyptus in the same row is less than the same species line, however, the sum of the timber produced from the two species is greater than the arrangement of eucalyptus only row in CLFI.

Recursive diameter prediction for calculating merchantable volume of eucalyptus clones using Multilayer Perceptron

A very common problem in forestry is the realization of the forest inventory. The forest inventory is very important because it allows the trading of medium- and long-term timber to be extracted. On completion , the inventory is necessary to measure different diameters and total height to calculate their volumes. However, due to the high number of trees and their heights, these measurements are an extremely time consuming and expensive. In this work, a new approach to predict recursively diameters of eucalyptus trees by means of Multilayer Perceptron artificial neural networks is presented. By taking only three diameter measures at the base of the tree, diameters are predicted recursively until they reach the value of 4 cm, with no previous knowledge of total tree height. The training was conducted with only 10% of the total trees planted site, and the remaining 90% of total trees were used for testing. The Smalian method was used with the predicted diameters to calculate merchantable tree volumes. To check the performance of the model, all experiments were compared with the least square polynomial approximator and the diameters and volumes estimates with both methods were compared with the actual values measured. The performance of the proposed model was satisfactory when predicted diameters and volumes are compared to actual ones.

Recursive diameter prediction for calculating merchantable volume of Eucalyptus clones without previous knowledge of total tree height using artificial neural networks

In this work, diameters of Eucalyptus trees are predicted by means of Multilayer Perceptron and Radial Basis Function artificial neural networks. By taking only three diameter measures at the base of the tree, diameters are predicted recursively until they reach the value of minimum merchantable diameter, with no previous knowledge of total tree height. It was considered the diameter top of 4cm outside bark as minimum merchantable diameter. The training was conducted with only 10% of the trees from the total planted site. The Smalian method utilizes the predicted diameters to calculate merchantable tree volumes. The performance of the proposed model was satisfactory when predicted diameters and volumes are compared to actual ones.

Manejo Sustentável do Barbatimão no Norte de Minas Gerais

This study aimed to evaluate the management for the Stryphnodendron adstringens species from different intensities of selective cuts with diameter class control in the northern Minas Gerais state. The estimated production for preparation of the plans was obtained from equation for dry weight of bark (kg) and timber volume (m3) for an area of 31.28 ha and considering a commercial demand of the 7,000 kg.ha-1 of the barks. Ownership production were simulated ten management by GDq method. The plans were in multiples of ten from 10% removal G, up to clear cutting, totaling ten plans. The results indicated that the sustainable haverst should be carried within the range of 40 to 70% removal of basal area, which respectively showed the following productions backs and volume: 224.00 and 367.16 kg.ha–1; 0.63 m3.ha.–1 and 1.06 m3.ha–1. Therewith we conclude that the sustainable management of barbatimao in the northern Minas Gerais state is viable within the removal ranges from 40 to 70% of basal area starting from the control of the havest by GDq method.

Uma nova abordagem para o método geométrico usando o índice da parábola

O objetivo deste artigo e apresentar uma nova abordagem para o metodo geometrico, substituindo o coeficiente angular da reta pelo indice da parabola na geracao de equacoes taper para estimar o volume de arvores individuais e comparar as estimativas de volume realizadas a partir desta nova abordagem com o volume obtido pela cubagem rigorosa de clones de eucalipto. A partir de modificacoes algebricas no indice da parabola e considerando os mesmos intervalos definidos para o metodo geometrico original, foram desenvolvidas expressoes taper. De uma base de dados de 48 parcelas com 1819 arvores cubadas, 349 foram retiradas aleatoriamente para avaliacao da nova abordagem proposta. Duas abordagens utilizando o indice da parabola foram propostas, uma usando dois diâmetros de apoio e outra usando um diâmetro de apoio na obtencao das equacoes taper. Os metodos foram entao aplicados nas demais arvores amostradas e os volumes por parcela foram obtidos e comparados estatisticamente com o volume da parcela cubada. Os resultados mostraram que nao existem diferencas entre os volumes estimados pelos metodos propostos e o volume da cubagem rigorosa. Portanto os mesmos podem ser usados com seguranca nos inventarios florestais.

META-HEURISTIC CLONAL SELECTION ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMIZATION OF FOREST PLANNING

1 Received on 26.06.2017 accepted for publication on 22.11.2017. 2 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Professor do Curso de Engenharia Florestal, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais – Brasil. E-mail: <carlosaraujo@ufmg.br>,<christian.cabacinha@gmail.com> and <adrianaleandra@gmail.com>. 3 Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Departamento de Computação, Minas Gerais – Brasil. E-mail: <joao.mendes@unimontes.br>. 4 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Graduada de Engenharia Florestal, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais – Brasil. E-mail: <lisandraamatos@gmail.com>. 5 Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Viçosa, Minas Gerais – Brasil. E-mail: <hgleite@gmail.com>. *Corresponding author.

Bee-inspired RBF network for volume estimation of individual trees

Abstract The Eucalyptus is the most cultivated kind of tree in Brazil because it has adapted to the climate and has great importance for the industry. In cultivated forests, the wood volume is essential information to the forest management. Therefore, that information must be estimated as precisely as possible. There are several descriptive mathematical models which were developed for that purpose. However, Computational Intelligence techniques have been used in order to facilitate that process and substitute the volume models. Sundry works have proposed the use of Artificial Neural Networks for wood volume estimation, but there is a type of neural network, the Radial Basis Function – RBF, that can be designed automatically by clustering algorithms. This work presents the application of RBF networks automatically generated by the cOptBees clustering algorithm in the estimation of Eucalyptus volume and compares the results to the MLP networks and the classic models at the same dataset. The cOptBees is a clustering algorithm inspired by the behavior of bees which allows the number of clusters to be found automatically. To evaluate the various factors that can influence the quality of the results provided by RBF, the tests consider three training algorithms, three activation functions and three heuristics to define the spread. Besides the RBF generated by cOptBees, were evaluated another two types of RBF: randomly and k-means generated. In the volume estimation, the results indicate that neural networks and classical equations are equivalent to each other when there is high availability of data. However, when there are few training samples, the classical models performed better. Nevertheless, RBF networks are a viable alternative due to its ease of configuration and generalization capability.

Compliance with Environmental and Social Legislation in Certified Forestry Companies

The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of the FSC forestry certification system to improve the forestry sector, in terms of compliance to environmental and social laws and improvements in working conditions resulting from the certification process. Thirty-seven auditing reports from five Brazilian forestry companies were evaluated, throughout the 2006-2013 period. Non-compliance and observations were analyzed and organized into categories, which identified the main performance issues found in certified forestry organizations. 301 instances of non-compliance and 138 observations of audit reports were verified, where 48 and 57% respectively, were linked to the two principles studied. For obtaining and/or maintaining the certificate it is necessary for all violations to be resolved. Therefore, it was concluded that forest certification contributes to the advancement of the forestry sector in Brazil, in relation to compliance with legal, social and labor issues.

Estimativas Volumétricas y Hipsométricas para el Barbatimão en el Norte de Minas Gerais

This study sought to assess the barbatimao volume and height estimates generating equations that can be used in the preparation of sustainable management plans from models to estimate the total volume with bark, without bark, of the bark as well as hypsometric relations. The production of bark in the various diameter classes was also compared. A forest inventory was conducted and generated the rigorous cubage of 100 separate trees in eight diameter classes by the method of Huber and tested 16 models of volumetric single and double entry and six of hypsometric relations. The best fit models were the Husch and Spurr in logarithmic form and the best height model was Stofel. Regarding the bark proportion it was found a higher percentage in individuals with the lowest diameter classes.

Caracterização florística e estrutural de fragmentos de Matas de Galeria da Bacia do Alto Araguaia

As florestas da bacia do alto Araguaia estao diariamente expostas a varios agentes de degradacao devido a intensa pratica de agricultura nessa regiao. Vinte e dois fragmentos (de 10 a 169 ha) foram inventariados pelo metodo de quadrantes centrados, com o objetivo de caracterizar a estrutura da vegetacao e criar um banco de dados de informacoes voltado para programas de restauracao florestal na regiao. Foram amostradas 109 especies pertencentes a 78 generos e 42 familias. Dessas, 73,4% apresentaram padrao de dispersao zoocorica e 69,7% foram classificadas como de estadios iniciais de sucessao (53,2% secundarias iniciais e 16,5% pioneiras). O indice de Shannon foi 3,86 nats.ind-1 e o de equabilidade de Pielou foi 0,82. As estimativas da densidade e area basal, considerando todos os fragmentos, foram de 1.351 arvores.ha-1 e 19,28 m2.ha-1, respectivamente. As areas apresentaram uma menor riqueza (quando comparadas a matas de galerias mais conservadas), heterogeneidade nos indices de diversidade e equabilidade, tamanho reduzido das arvores e consequente baixa area basal, elevado numero de especies caracteristicas de estadios intermediarios de sucessao ecologica e colonizacao de especies de cerrado e cerradao em areas mais antropizadas, alterando a paisagem original. Tal situacao, somada a importância dessas areas para a conservacao da biodiversidade e de servicos ecologicos (principalmente relativos a agua), exige acoes de protecao e manejo conservacionista que aproveitem o grande potencial regenerativo da area, dado pela existencia de um grande numero de especies secundarias iniciais e predominio das especies zoocoricas.