Christian M. Salmon

Review of Crisis Management: Mastering the Skills to Prevent Disaster

Crisis Management: Mastering the Skills to Prevent Disasters is an introductory work that outlines some primary processes utilized in business when developing hazard, risk and crisis management capabilities. Each chapter is dedicated to describing the basic function of individual components of a broad-based corporate hazard and crisis recognition, mitigation, response and recovery infrastructure. By integrating prevention, mitigation, response with recovery, Crisis Management is intended to define capacities that should be inherent within the operation of business so as to: 1) prevent incidents from occurring through surveillance, and 2) prevent incidences from transitioning into crises or disasters through response.

Aviation Safety Priorities in Emerging Air Transport Systems

technologic, geographic, or regulatory attributes. This paper also discusses the validity of transferring priorities in aviation safety across industry segments (delineated by these same attributes), each of which may have unique hazard and vulnerability exposures. Collectively, this paper discusses the potential for identified aviation safety priorities (which may be biased toward dominant industry segments) to mask unique hazard and vulnerability exposures inherent in emerging aviation markets. This potential biasing of safety priorities becomes a more critical topic when viewed from the perspective of a future commercial aviation industry with a greater reliance on Part 135 commuter- and air-taxi-type operations using nontowered airports under a high-volume operations paradigm. I. Introduction T HIS paper has two purposes. The first is to demonstrate that priorities in aviation safety can be biased toward specific industry segments that may not be fully representative of other subsets of aviation. The second is to demonstrate that establishing safety priorities based on worldwide operations or specific segments of aviation may not be directly applicable to all subsets that cross regional (national or continental), regulatory (Code of Federal Regulations, or CFR, Title 14 Parts 121 and 135), or technological (jet, turboprop, large aircraft, small aircraft, etc.) boundaries. Specifically, this paper demonstrates that safety priorities in domestic commercial aviation operations have been biased to reflect the accident profile of international commercial operations. A metaanalysis of published safety summaries is used to demonstrate the limitations of any assumption that an accident profile of some subset within a global aviation market is correlated to global aviation in the aggregate. The authors consider this review of real vs perceived domestic commercial aviation safety priorities to be a critical factor in forming the perspective that emerging and nascent aircraft operations and aviation markets, such as high-volume operations (HVO) at nontowered airports and the burgeoning air-taxi industry using light and very light jets (VLJ), may have unique hazard and vulnerability exposures relative to more traditional commercial aviation markets. If these emerging industry sectors are not critically analyzed for sector-specific hazards and vulnerabilities, there is a potentialforincreasednumbersandratesofaccidentsasthesesectors grow. Any such increase could lead to subsequent delays in societal acceptance of HVO in the nontowered “community” airport environments and potential delays in the growth of these emerging aviation markets that would directly affect the capacity of the commercial air transport industry in the aggregate as the hub-andspoke infrastructure nears its maximum capacity. This paper first revisits an earlier work by the authors [1] that critically reviewed aviation accident data summaries compiled and released by various governmental, nongovernmental, and quasigovernmentalorganizations[2–6].Inthispreviouswork,theauthors

Quantifying metrics of external airport risk exposure in vicinity of public use, nontowered airports.

This paper presents research conducted in modeling specific exposure metrics of communities in the vicinity of public use, nontowered airports to aviation accidents that result in crash sites outside the immediate confines of a runway (termed external airport risk). Two exposure metrics are explored: a relative exposure (termed crash hazard), defined as the probability that a crash site will be located in a specific area if a crash were to occur at an airport, and an absolute exposure (termed crash risk), defined as the expected number of crashes per year within any defined area. Results of this research are presented as a series of choro-pleth maps that define boundaries as contours, within which these metrics exceed some defined threshold. A specific application of this research is presented within the context of a model airport.

Review of Emergency Response to Domestic Terrorism: How Bureaucracies Reacted to the 1995 Oklahoma City Bombing

In Emergency Response to Domestic Terrorism: How Bureaucracies Reacted to the 1995 Oklahoma City Bombing, Alethia Cook suggests that the success or failure of a disaster response situation is established in the first 12 hours. Cook suggests that if lessons learned extracted from an intensive analytical review of these initial response hours, within the context of theoretical management structure, were adopted by the disaster response community, the likelihood of failure will be minimized. Cook presents such a study via an interview process of responders who arrived at the Oklahoma City bombing site within the first 12 hours.

Introduction to Natural and Man-Made Disasters and Their Effects on Buildings

Introduction to Natural and Man-Made Disasters and Their Effects on Buildings by Roxanna McDonald utilizes dialogue and graphics in introducing the reader to potential hazards and vulnerabilities of buildings stemming from natural and manmade disasters. Each chapter is dedicated to a specific stimulus, including earthquake, tornadoes, hurricanes, and volcanoes, as well as potential vulnerabilities due to acts of malevolence -- terrorism.