Christiane Anderson

Revision of Ryssopterys and transfer to Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae)

This work was supported by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0543909 to the University of Michigan

Stigmaphyllon lanceolatum (Malpighiaceae), a New Species from Espírito Santo, Brazil

Abstract. Stigmaphyllon lanceolatum, a new species of Malpighiaceae, is described from Espírito Santo, Brazil. It is distinctive in its abaxially sericeous, lanceolate laminas borne on relatively short petioles. The limb of the posterior petal bears a pair of basal, stout, gland-tipped fimbriae. The stamens are heteromorphic. All styles bear apical folioles. A brief discussion of Stigmaphyllon in Espirito Santo accompanies a key to the thirteen species recorded (and one expected) from that state.

Stigmaphyllon hispidum (Malpighiaceae), a New Species from Bahia, Brazil

Stigmaphyllon hispidum, a new spe- cies of Malpighiaceae, is described from Bahia, Brazil, where it was collected in a remnant of coast- al forest, a vegetation type called Mata Atlantica. Its floral structure and adaxial laminar vesture are most similar to those of S. gayanum, an endemic of the region of Rio de Janeiro. The dense axial vesture, composed of simple basifixed hairs mixed with Y-shaped hairs, is unique in the genus.

Salzmann's Collections of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) from Bahia, Brazil

Salzmanns specimens of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) from Bahia, Brazil, are reex- amined, and the application of the names S. rotundifolium and S. salzmannii, based on two of these collections, is clarified. Three new species are recognized among Bahian collections commonly assigned these names and are here described: S. bahiense, S. blanchetii, and S. cavernulosum. Stigmaphyllon irregulare Adr. Juss., misconstrued by Niedenzu, is considered a synonym of S. rotun- difolium. Philip Salzmann (1781-1851), botanist, ento- mologist, physician, and educator, spent the years from 1827 to 1830 in the Brazilian port of Salvador, Bahia (Rose 1853). Among the yellow- flowered Malpighiaceae that he gathered dur- ing his excursions are specimens of Stigmaphyl- lon, a neotropical genus of ca. 100 species, of which ca. 15 occur in Bahia. Salzmanns collec- tions include the distinctive S. ciliatum (Lam.) Adr. Juss. (Salzmann 53, W!; 97, G!; s.n., G!, K!, MO!, P!, W!) and an assemblage in which Adrien de Jussieu (1840) discerned S. rotundifolium Adr. Juss. and S. salzmannii Adr. Juss. Jacques Samuel Blanchet (1807-1875), a businessman and am- ateur naturalist living in Salvador from 1828 until 1856 (Urban 1895), with the help of assis- tants greatly increased the number of Bahian specimens available to European botanists. Few collections from this diverse and highly endem- ic flora were added to Salzmanns and Blan- chets gathering, until the results of the recent efforts by the collectors from CEPEC (Centro de

RESOLUTION OF THE HIRAEA CEPHALOTES COMPLEX (MALPIGHIACEAE)

Hiraea Jacq. (Malpighiaceae) includes c.60 species of woody vines or shrubs ranging from southern Mexico to Argentina. The genus is characterised by stipules inserted on the petiole, bilaterally symmetrical flowers in umbellate axillary inflorescences, and butterfly-shaped samaras. The flowers are borne in two kinds of aggregates, either in umbels of 4(–6), singly or in secondary arrangements, or in multiflowered umbels on an inflorescence axis; all the species described here fall into the latter category. Only two authors have treated the genus as a whole, Jussieu ( 1843 ) and Niedenzu ( 1906 , 1912 , 1928 ), but both saw very few collections from western South America. The most recent detailed account of Hiraea in that region is that of Cuatrecasas ( 1958 ) in his treatment of the Malpighiaceae for his ‘Flora Colombiana’ project. In the absence of modern assessments of Hiraea in South America, the names H. cephalotes and H. spruceana have been loosely applied to specimens with multiflowered umbels and pubescent leaves from Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, and also western Venezuela and even central Brazil. Study of collections so determined showed that they include eight species, Hiraea cephalotes (including H. spruceana ), H. mortoniana (elevated to rank of species from variety of H. spruceana ), and six novelties: H. amazonica , H. angustipetala , H. breteleri , H. ecuadorensis , H. escobariae and H. peruviana.

Novelties in Mascagnia (Malpighiaceae)

Seven new species ofMascagnia are described:M. tomentosa from southern Mexico and Central America;M. arenicola from the Guianas;M. riparia, M. tucuruensis, andM. velutina from Brazil;M. boliviana from Bolivia; andM. australis from Argentina and Paraguay. These novelties were previously included in the “M. sepium-complex,” an omniumgatherum comprising superficially similar yellow-flowered taxa.

Three new species of Bunchosia (Malpighiaceae): B. cuscana, B. hedraiophylla, and B. neillii

Three new species of Bunchosia are described and illustrated. Bunchosia cuscana from Andean Peru bears two pseudoracemes per leaf axil, instead of the more common single inflorescence, and is compared with B. argentea with which it shares abaxially densely sericeous leaf blades and a 2-carpellate ovary. The 3-carpellate Mexican B. hedraiophylla has nearly sessile leaves and a paniculate inflorescence, an unusual character in Bunchosia that separates it from the B. macrophylla complex. Bunchosia neillii from Amazonian Ecuador is 3-carpellate and has glabrous leaves and petals with a glandular margin. A key is provided to separate B. neillii from similar species of western Amazonia and the Andes and of eastern Brazil.

Hiraea cuneata, H. macrophylla, and four new species confused with them: H. hatschbachii, H. occhionii, H. reitzii, and H. restingae (Malpighiaceae)

Specimens of Hiraea (Malpighiaceae) from the Brazilian states of eastern Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Parana, and Santa Catarina that had been determined as H. cuneata Griseb. and H. wiedeana A.Juss. were found to include four undescribed species. The assemblage traditionally named Hiraea cuneata includes, in addition to H. cuneata (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro), two novelties: H. hatschbachii C.E.Anderson (Parana) and H. occhionii C.E.Anderson (Rio de Janeiro). The gatherings labelled Hiraea wiedeana comprise specimens of H. reitzii C.E.Anderson (Parana, Santa Catarina) and H. restingae C.E.Anderson (Rio de Janeiro), here newly described, and of H. macrophylla (Colla) P.L.R.Moraes & Guglielmone (Rio de Janeiro), the earlier and correct name for the species also known as H. wiedeana . In all, the flowers are borne in a single 4-flowered umbel instead of a compound arrangement, as is often characteristic of other species of Hiraea . Specimens assigned to Hiraea cuneata have the laminas abaxially sericeous initially but glabrous at maturity. In those assigned to Hiraea wiedeana the laminas are abaxially velutinous (eventually glabrescent in H. restingae ). Full descriptions and synonymies are supplied, and all species are illustrated.

A new combination in Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae), and notes on the publication dates of Hooker's Botanical Miscellany

The new combination Stigmaphyllon bonariense, based on Banisteria bonariensis Hook. & Arn., is proposed to replace the more recent name Stigmaphyllon littorale Adr. Juss. for a species from southern South America. Because the publication dates of Hookers Botanical Miscellany, the journal in which the basionym was published, are in part incorrectly given in the widely used reference Taxonomic Literature, the correct dates for all parts are listed and are based on a previously published review by H. S. Marshall.

Novelties in Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae)

Four new species are described in the neotropical genus Stigmaphyllon (Malpighi- aceae): S. adenophorum from Costa Rica and S. aberrans, S. florosum, and S. singulare from South America. A new combination, S. floribundum, is made to provide a correct name in Stigmaphyllon for the West Indian species known by the illegitimate name S. tomentosum (Desf. ex DC) Nied. All species are illustrated. Stigmaphyllon is a genus of ca. 100 species, most of which are vines with long-petiolate, cordate or deltate leaves. The yellow flowers are grouped into umbels or corymbs, which may be solitary but more commonly are arranged into dichasia, thyrses, or pseudoracemes (sensu Cuatrecasas 1958). In most species the androe- cium is heteromorphic. The stamens opposite the styles are usually the largest. Those oppo- site the lateral sepals commonly bear an en- larged connective and reduced locules; in a few species they are sterile. The genus is named for the flaps of tissue (the folioles) that are borne apically by the styles of the majority of the species. The posterior styles, which are always equal, each have one lateral foliole that curves around the anther of the juxtaposed stamen. The anterior style bears two lateral folioles, which are symmetrical. In species which lack folioles the stylar apices may be slightly ex- panded or drawn out into a spur or hook. The stigmas are always internal. The fruit is a schizocarp that splits into three samaras, each of which has a large dorsal wing. The nut may also bear small, lateral winglets or only spurs or ridges; sometimes it is smooth. While the nut is usually spheroid or ovoid, it is laterally flattened in some species. During my study of this genus I have noted the four new species described here as well as the need to provide a new name for a West Indian species. All five species have some char- acteristics rarely or not at all encountered in other species of Stigmaphyllon. The most sur- prising species is S. singulare whose sepals are deciduous. This condition has not been previ- ously reported in the Malpighiaceae.