Christiane Soares Pereira

Aeromonas spp. e Plesiomonas shigelloides isoladas a partir de mexilhões (Perna perna) in natura e pré-cozidos no Rio de Janeiro, RJ

O ecossistema aquatico e o habitat de mexilhoes (Perna perna), animais filtradores que refletem a qualidade ambiental atraves de analise microbiologica de sua carne. No presente trabalho avaliou-se a presenca de patogenos emergentes (Aeromonas hydrophila e Plesiomonas shigelloides), em mexilhoes in natura e pre-cozidos coletados por pescadores da Estacao Experimental de Cultivo de Mexilhoes situada em Jurujuba, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro. Foram analisadas 86 amostras de mexilhoes (43 in natura e 43 pre-cozidos) as quais foram submetidas a enriquecimento em Agua Peptonada Alcalina (APA) acrescida de 1 e 3% de Cloreto de Sodio (NaCl) e em solucao Salina de Butterfield, incubadas a 37oC por 24 horas. Em seguida, foram semeadas em Agar Seletivo para Pseudomonas-Aeromonas (GSP), Agar Tiossulfato Citrato Bile Sacarose (TCBS) e Agar Inositol Bile Verde Brilhante (IBB). A analise geral dos resultados permitiu a identificacao de Areomonas spp e Plesiomonas shigelloides em 86% das amostras de mexilhoes in natura e pre-cozidas avaliadas. A posterior caracterizacao bioquimica permitiu a identificacao das especies Aeromonas media (37,10%), A. hydrophila (15,50%), A. caviae (14,80%), A. veronii biogrupo veronii (11,60%), Aeromonas sp. (7,36%), A. sobria (4,20%), A. trota (4,20%), A. schubertii (1,31%), A. jandaei (1,31%), A. veronii biogrupo sobria (0,52%) e Plesiomonas shigelloides (2,10%). A relevância epidemiologica desses microrganismos em casos de gastrenterite humana, apos consumo de mexilhoes crus ou parcialmente cozidos, revela a importância de alertar as autoridades de Saude Publica no Brasil, sobre a presenca desses patogenos na cadeia alimentar e seus riscos para a saude humana.

Características de Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolados de mexilhões (Perna perna) comercializados em Niterói, Rio de Janeiro

The marine ecosystem is the natural habitat of bacteria like Vibrio parahaemolyticus, an important pathogen that cause human gastroenteritis associated with seafood consumption. In the present investigation, the presence of V. parahaemolyticus in 86 in natural and precooked mussel samples was evaluated. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was isolated from 11.6% of the in natural and precooked mussels. All strains tested were urease-positive and 28.5% were Kanagawa-positive, which suggests that they have pathogenic potential for humans. There was predominance of the O10:K52 serotype and the emerging O3:K6 strain was identified. These results show the epidemiological relevance of V. parahaemolyticus in cases of human gastroenteritis following mussel consumption without adequately cooking them (100 degrees C/15 min). Moreover, it is important to alert the Brazilian Sanitary Surveillance authorities regarding their presence in the food chain and their public health risks.

Vibrio spp. isolados de mamíferos marinhos capturados na região litorânea do Sudeste ao Sul do Brasil

In the present investigation was evaluated the incidence of Vibrio spp. from superficial lesions at marine mammals beached or captured by fishing net in the southwestern (RJ) and southern (RS) coastal regions of Brazil. One hundred and ninety eight swabs were collected by DEENSP, GEMARS and Ceclimar institutes and sent to Labent/IOC/FIOCruz where the samples were submitted to enrichment in Alkaline Peptone Water (APW) added with 1% and 3% of sodium chloride (NaCl) incubated at 37oC for 18-24 hours. After the samples were streaked onto Thiossulfate Citrate Bile Sucrose Agar (TCBS), the suspected colonies were submitted to biochemical characterization. The results showed 108 strains, and Vibrio alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. fluvialis were the main pathogens isolated. These results appoint the importance of surveillance and microbiological monitoring accomplishment and reinforcement of environmental protective programs applied to marine mammals endangered with extinction.

Phage typing and Multidrug resistance profile in S. Typhimurium isolated from different sources in Brazil from 1999 to 2004

Salmonella Typhimurium has become a widespread cause of salmonellosis among humans and animals worldwide. In Brazil, Salmonella Typhimurium (STM) is one of the most prevalent serovars isolated from food for human consumption. The uncontrolled sale and use of antimicrobials in agriculture and for treating human patients contributes to increase multidrug resistance of this serovar. In the present study, a total of 278 STM isolates from different sources and regions of Brazil over the period 1999 to 2004 were phage typed and analyzed for their antimicrobial resistance profile at Laboratory of Enterobacteria, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ. The main STM phage types isolated were DT 193 (64.3%), DT 19 (17.4%) and DT 18 (4%). Others phage types as DT 10 (2%), DT 27 (3.24%), DT 13 (0.36%), DT 22 (0.36%), DT 28 (0.36%), DT 29 (0.36%) and DT 149 (0.36%) were obtained in low percentages. A total of 54% STM strains were resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes, while no resistance to third generation cephalosporin or ciprofloxacin was identified in these strains. Those results show the STM phage types circulating among animals, food for human consumption and humans in Brazil as well as the increasing of multidrug resistance. The surveillance of STM strains based on phage typing and antimicrobial resistance profile are useful for detecting outbreaks, identifying sources of infection and implementing prevention and control measures.

Vibrios patogênicos em ostras (Crassostrea rhizophorae) servidas em restaurantes no Rio de Janeiro: um alerta para a Saúde Pública

Forty oyster samples (Crassostrea rhizophorae) served raw in 15 restaurants in the city of Rio de Janeiro were evaluated in order to investigate the presence of Vibrio spp. The oyster samples were analyzed and subjected to enrichment in alkaline peptone water with the addition of 1 and 3% NaCl and incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. Following this, the cultures were seeded onto thiosulfate citrate bile sucrose agar (TCBS) and the suspected colonies were subjected to biochemical characterization. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio carchariae, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus were the main species (> 60%) isolated from raw oysters.

Caracterização de Aeromonas spp isoladas de neonatos hospitalizados

Aeromonas spp is recognized as pathogenic to humans after consumption of contaminated water and food. In the present investigation, 2,323 rectal swab samples from newborns hospitalized in Rio de Janeiro were evaluated with a view to isolating Aeromonas. The samples were collected and sent to the national reference laboratory for cholera and other bacterial intestinal infections, at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. The swabs were subjected to enrichment in alkaline peptonated water with the addition of 1% sodium chloride (NaCl) and alkaline peptonated water plus 3% NaCl (37 degrees C/18-24h) and were streaked onto agar that was selective for Pseudomonas-Aeromonas (GSP Agar). Fifty-six Aeromonas strains were isolated, distributed as follows: Aeromonas caviae (42.8%), Aeromonas media (25%), Aeromonas veronii biogroup sobria (10.7%), Aeromonas hydrophila (9%), Aeromonas veronii biogroup veronii (5.3%), Aeromonas sobria (1.8%), Aeromonas jandaei (1.8%), Aeromonas schubertii (1.8%) and Aeromonas sp (1.8%). Resistance to one or more antimicrobial drugs was observed in 26.8% of the strains. Considering the importance of Aeromonas, there is an urgent need to warn about this in relation to nosocomial infection control.

Vibrio spp. isolados a partir de mexilhões (Perna perna) in natura e pré-cozidos de Estação Experimental de Cultivo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

The microbiology analysis of mussels reflects the aquatic environment quality because these animals retain various pathogens such as Vibrionaceae family microorganisms in their organism. In the present investigation, we evaluated the presence of Vibrio spp. in mussels (in natura and precooked) commercialized at an Experimental Station Mussel Culture in Jurujuba, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro. A total of 86 samples were analyzed using the enrichment in Alkaline Peptone Water (APW) added to 1 and 3% of NaCl, isolated in Thiossulfate Citrate Bile Sucrose Agar (TCBS) and confirmed that there were suspect colonies by biochemical tests. The results showed the identification of 12 different Vibrio species whereby Vibrio alginolyticus, V. cholerae non-O1, V. parahaemolyticus, V. carchariae and V. vulnificus were the prevalent species. The epidemiological relevance of these pathogens associated with cases of human gastroenteritis after in natura or precooked mussels show the need to alert Sanitary Officials about their presence in the food chain and their risks to Public Health.

Salmonella Hadar phage types isolated from different sources of foodchain in Brazil

The gastroenteritis incidence caused by Salmonella Hadar has increased over the last decades worldwide. The uncontrolled use of antimicrobials for treating human patients and veterinary field contributes to increase the multidrug resistance of this serovar. In the present investigation, a total of 179 S. Hadar isolates from different sources of foodchain in Brazil were phage typed and analyzed for their antimicrobial resistance profile. The main S. Hadar phage types isolated were PT 38, PT 39, PT 40, PT 11, PT 34, PT 1 and PT 22. Others phage types as PT 13, PT 19, PT 21, PT 23, PT 31, PT 33 and PT 37 were obtained in low percentages. A total of 35,7% S. Hadar strains were resistant to two or more antimicrobials drugs. Furthermore, no resistance to third generation cephalosporin or ciprofloxacin was identified in these strains. Those results appoint to S. Hadar phage types circulating among animals, food and humans, as well as the increasing of multidrug resistance. The surveillance and monitoring of S. Hadar strains based on phage typing and antimicrobial resistance profile are useful for detecting outbreaks, identifying sources of infection and implementing prevention and control measures of salmonellosis.