Christine Damase-Michel

Perception of risk of adverse drug reactions: a 3-year follow-up of a cohort of medical students

Previous studies have pointed out the question of effective training and information to health professionals on pharmacovigilance. The lack of training is known to induce inadequate use of drugs and noncompliance of patients. Pharmacology teaching is performed in the third year of medical studies at the Toulouse Faculty of Medicine. The aim of the study was to investigate the perception of risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) by medical students at the end of the one year pharmacology course and two years later, after clinical training period. Sixty‐seven students were interviewed in May 2005 and in October 2007. Visual analogue scales were used to define a score of perceived risk of ADRs associated with each drug class (ranking from 0 to 10) before and after pharmacology training. The drug classes evaluated were antibiotics, anticoagulants, antidepressants, aspirin, contraceptive pill, corticosteroids, drugs for arterial hypertension, drugs for diabetes (other than insulin), hypnotics, hypocholesterolaemic drugs, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and tranquilisers. After pharmacology courses (May 2005), antidepressants were ranked as the most dangerous drugs by medical students [median score (25th–75th centiles): 7.7 (6.3–8.6)], followed by anticoagulants [7.6 (6.6–8.4)] and hypnotics [7.4 (6.1–8.1)]. Contraceptive pills was listed in the last position [median score [4.7 (2.2–6.7)]. Two years later (October 2007), anticoagulants moved into the first position [8.3 (7.3–9.2)], followed by NSAIDs [6.9 (5.0–8.4)] and aspirin [6.8 (5.8–8.4)]. Contraceptive pills remained in the last position. No change was observed for NSAIDs and aspirin, still ranked as dangerous drugs by medical students after clinical training. Values of perceived risk were significantly increased for anticoagulant (+9.2%, Pu2003<u20030.01) and hypoglycemiant drugs (+27.7%, Pu2003<u20030.0001). The perceived risk significantly decreased for hypocholesterolaemic (−14.3%, Pu2003<u20030.0001) and antidepressant drugs (−19.5%, Pu2003<u20030.0001), but not for hypnotics. The study shows that the perception of risk of ADRs by medical students was modified after clinical training. They were still aware of potentially serious ADRs associated with anticoagulants, aspirin or NSAIDs, but they remained less cautious for drugs such as antidepressants. Additional pharmacology training at the end of medical studies will be useful.

Antidepressants during pregnancy: a French drug utilisation study in EFEMERIS cohort

BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that exposure to some antidepressants (AD) during pregnancy could be associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations and neurodevelopment disorders for the child. We conducted a study to describe the use of AD during pregnancy in France.MethodsWe performed a drug utilisation study in EFEMERIS, a French cohort of pregnant women. At the time of the present study, 89,170 pregnant women, who were pregnant from 2005 to 2014 in Haute-Garonne were included. Prevalence and incidence of AD prescriptions during pregnancy, characteristics of AD users, and trends in AD use over the 10-year period were studied.ResultsDuring the 10-year study period, 1620 women registered in EFEMERIS (1.8%) received at least one prescription and dispensation for AD during pregnancy: 1363 during the first (1.5%), 591 during the second (0.7%), and 412 during the third (0.5%) trimester. A total of 2874 women (3.2%) got a prescription for an AD during the 3xa0months before and/or during pregnancy; 2187 of them (76.1%) stopped AD before pregnancy or during the first trimester. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors represented the most prescribed class during pregnancy (1.3%). A very slight decrease in the prevalence of AD prescriptions in pregnant women over time (1.7% in 2014 vs 2% in 2005) and some variations within classes were observed.ConclusionsNearly, 2% of women received antidepressant drugs during pregnancy. This assessment encourages following research on these drugs including the potential risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children after an exposure to antidepressants during pregnancy.