Christine Lomas-Francis

A flexible array format for large‐scale, rapid blood group DNA typing

BACKGROUND: Typing for blood group antigens is currently performed by hemagglutination. The necessary reagents are becoming costly and limited in availability, and the methods are labor‐intensive. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of the use of large‐scale DNA analysis in a microarray as a substitute for blood group typing.

Determination of 24 minor red blood cell antigens for more than 2000 blood donors by high‐throughput DNA analysis

BACKGROUND: A “BeadChip” array permits reliable simultaneous DNA typing of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms for minor blood groups. A high‐throughput DNA analysis was studied as a routine method of phenotype prediction and software was developed to interpret and analyze the large volume of data points.

Blood group terminology 2004: from the International Society of Blood Transfusion committee on terminology for red cell surface antigens

1 Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, Bristol, UK 2 Growing your Knowledge, Spit Junction, NSW, Australia 3 American Red Cross Blood Services, Los Angeles-Orange Counties Region, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4 Biotechnology Research Centre, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand 5 Regional Blood Transfusion Center, Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital, Arhus N, Denmark 6 Department of Pathology, University Hospitals UH-2G332, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA 7 Reference Laboratory for Immunohematology and Blood Groups, National Blood Services Centre, Tel Hashomer, Israel 8 New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA 9 Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ, USA 10 Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA 11 Gamma Biologicals Inc (subsidiary of Immunocor Inc), Houston, TX, USA 12 Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 13 Centre national de Reference pour les Groupes sanguines (CNTS), Paris, France 14 International Blood Group Reference Laboratory, Bristol, UK 15 Finnish Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Helsinki, Finland 16 South African National Blood Service, East Coast Region, Pinetown, South Africa 17 Osaka Red Cross Blood Center, Osaka, Japan 18 Blood Bank, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, Brazil 19 Rh Laboratory, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Blood Group Terminology 1995: ISBT Working Party on Terminology for Red Cell Surface Antigens

Since the first human blood groups were discovered almost a century ago, many hundreds of new red cell antigens have been identified. Because of the extended time period over which these antigens were discovered, a variety of different terminologies has been introduced. In some cases single capital letters were used (A, B, M, K), in some superscripts distinguished allelic products (Fy’, Fyh), and in some a numerical notation was introduced (Fy3). Some antigens were given different names in different laboratories, based on alternative genetic theories (D and Rho). In 1980 the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) established a Working Party to devise a genetically based numerical terminology for red cell surface antigens. In 1990 the Working Party published a monograph describing a numerical terminology for 242 red cell antigens [I], and brief updatings followed in 1991 [2] and 1993 [3]. In the 6 years since the 1990 report many amendments to the classification have been necessary: 18 new antigens have been identified and 6 others declared obsolete due to lack of suitable reagents; four new systems have been created (all from existing collections); the Auberger antigens joined the Lutheran system; the Gregory antigens and Jo” joined the Dombrock system; the Wright antigens joined the Diego system. Furthermore, since, 1990, many of the blood group genes have been isolated: of the genes controlling the 23 systems, only four (PI, JK, SC, DO) remain to be cloned. The purpose of this monograph is to describe the ISBT terminology for red cell surface antigens and to tabulate the complete 1995 version of the classification. In addition, an alternative ‘popular’ terminology is suggested in an attempt to reduce the number of different names used in publications on red cell antigens. Much of the information provided in the 1990 monograph [l] is reiterated here so that referral back will not generally be required, but only references after 1990 are provided.

International Society of Blood Transfusion Working Party on red cell immunogenetics and blood group terminology: Berlin report.

The International Society of Blood Transfusion Working Party on red cell immunogenetics and blood group terminology convened during the International congress in Cancun, July 2012. This report details the newly identified antigens in existing blood group systems and presents three new blood group systems.

International Society of Blood Transfusion Committee on Terminology for Red Cell Surface Antigens: Cape Town report.

The Committee met in Cape Town during the 2006 Inter-national Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) Congress (seeAppendix 1 for Committee members). Some changes to theclassification documented in Blood Group Terminology 2004[1] were agreed and are described below. The full updatedclassification can be found on the Blood Group Terminologywebsite at http://www.blood.co.uk/ibgrl. New antigens wereadded to the MNS, Kell, Scianna, Cromer, Indian, Knops,and JMH systems (Table 1). In line with convention, aminoacid positions are numbered with the translation-initiatingmethionine as 1, although the more traditional numberingfor glycophorin A, with number 1 representing the first aminoacid of the mature protein, is also provided.

International Society of Blood Transfusion Committee on terminology for red blood cell surface antigens: Macao report

The committee met in Macao Special Administrative Region,China, during the 2008 International Society of Blood Trans-fusion (ISBT) Congress. Some changes to the classificationdocumented in Blood Group Terminology 2004 [1] and updatedin 2007 [2] were agreed and are described below. The fullupdated classification can be found on the blood groupterminology website at http://www.blood.co.uk/ibgrl. A newblood group system, the RHAG system, was established andnew antigens were added to the Rh, Kell, and Dombrocksystems (Table 1). A total of 308 antigens are now recognized,270 of which are clustered in 30 blood group systems.

Terminology for red cell surface antigens

The Working Party met at Makuhari Messe, Japan on 31 March 1996. A few changes to the current classification, documented in Blood Group Terminology 1995 [1], were agreed and these are described below.

DIIIa and DIII Type 5 are encoded by the same allele and are associated with altered RHCE*ce alleles: clinical implications

BACKGROUND: The partial D phenotype DIIIa was originally reported to be associated with 455A>C in Exon 3, 602C>G in Exon 4, and 667T>G in Exon 5. Other alleles with these changes were subsequently identified and designated DIII Types 5, 6, and 7, as they had additional alterations. The observation that DNA samples associated with the DIIIa phenotype had more changes than those originally reported motivated us to reanalyze the DIIIa probands (BP and DJ) from the original study. We also studied additional DIIIa samples to clarify the RHD background and establish the associated RHCE.

International Society of Blood Transfusion working party on terminology for red cell surface antigens

G. L. Daniels (Chair), D. J. Anstee, J. P. Cartron, W. Dahr, A. Fletcher, G. Garratty, S. Henry, J. Jorgensen, W. J. Judd, L. K ornstad, C. Levene, M. Lin, C. Lomas-Francis, A. Lubenko, J. J. Moulds, J. M. Moulds, M. Moulds, M. Overbeeke, M. E. Reid, P. Rouger, M. Scott, P. Sistonen, E. Smart, Y. Tani, S. Wendel & T. Zelinski*