Christine Tremblay

Compact tunable silicon photonic differential-equation solver for general linear time-invariant systems

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an all-optical temporal differential-equation solver that can be used to solve ordinary differential equations (ODEs) characterizing general linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. The photonic device implemented by an add-drop microring resonator (MRR) with two tunable interferometric couplers is monolithically integrated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer with a compact footprint of ~60 μm × 120 μm. By thermally tuning the phase shifts along the bus arms of the two interferometric couplers, the proposed device is capable of solving first-order ODEs with two variable coefficients. The operation principle is theoretically analyzed, and system testing of solving ODE with tunable coefficients is carried out for 10-Gb/s optical Gaussian-like pulses. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the fabricated device as a tunable photonic ODE solver.

Design and Simulation of Filterless Optical Networks: Problem Definition and Performance Evaluation

Filterless optical networks based on advanced transmission technologies and passive optical interconnections between nodes offer a lower-cost alternative to optical networks based on active photonic switching. A design and simulation platform is proposed for studying these novel network architectures and looking at their performance characteristics. Simulation results are presented for three reference network topologies, along with a comparative cost and performance study of active photonic and passive filterless optical network solutions.

Compact on-chip 1 × 2 wavelength selective switch based on silicon microring resonator with nested pairs of subrings

We propose and experimentally demonstrate compact on-chip 1×2 wavelength selective switches (WSSs) based on silicon microring resonators (MRRs) with nested pairs of subrings (NPSs). Owing to the resonance splitting induced by the inner NPSs, the proposed devices are capable of performing selective channel routing at certain resonance wavelengths of the outer MRRs. System demonstration of dynamic channel routing using fabricated devices with one and two NPSs is carried out for 10  Gb/s non-return-to-zero signal. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the fabricated devices as compact on-chip WSSs.

PCE-based centralized control plane for filterless networks

In this article, we present the concept of the filterless optical network from a control plane perspective, defining the network and showing to what extent a control plane could be adapted to it. Then we propose a control plane architecture and study its performance. Filterless networks act as passive broadcast and select networks, in which active switching elements, such as the wavelength selection switch, are replaced by passive optical splitters and combiners, and network agility is provided by tunable transceivers. We introduce the concept of unfiltered channels and that of backward and forward ports, and show how they impact topological performance, and, in particular, the fact that wavelength usage increases greatly as the protection ratio shrinks.

Routing and Spectrum Assignment in Elastic Filterless Optical Networks

Elastic optical networking is considered a promising candidate to improve the spectral efficiency of optical networks. One of the most important planning challenges of elastic optical networks is the NP-hard routing and spectrum assignment (RSA) problem. In this paper, we investigate offline RSA in elastic filterless optical networks, which use a passive broadcast-and-select architecture to offer network agility. Here, an elastic optical network is referred to as the optical network that can adapt the channel bandwidth, data rate, and transmission format for each traffic demand in order to offer maximum throughput. In elastic filterless networks, the presence of unfiltered signals resulting from the drop-and-continue node architecture must be considered as an additional constraint in the RSA problem. In this paper, first, the RSA problem in elastic filterless networks is formulated by using an integer linear program to obtain optimal solutions for small networks. Due to the problem complexity, two efficient RSA heuristics are also proposed to achieve suboptimal solutions for larger networks in reasonable time. Simulation results show that significant bandwidth savings in elastic filterless networks can be achieved compared with the fixed-grid filterless solutions. The proposed approach is further tested in multi-period traffic scenarios and combined with periodical spectrum defragmentation, leading to additional improvement in spectrum utilization of elastic filterless optical networks.

Wavelength and bandwidth-tunable silicon comb filter based on Sagnac loop mirrors with Mach-Zehnder interferometer couplers.

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a wavelength and bandwidth-tunable comb filter based on silicon Sagnac loop mirrors (SLMs) with Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) couplers. By thermally tuning the MZI couplers in common and differential modes, the phase shift and reflectivity of the SLMs can be changed, respectively, leading to tunable wavelength and bandwidth of the comb filter. The fabricated comb filter has 93 comb lines in the wavelength range from 1535 nm to 1565 nm spaced by ~0.322 nm. The central wavelength can be red-shifted by ~0.462 nm with a tuning efficiency of ~0.019 nm/mW. A continuously tunable bandwidth from 5.88 GHz to 24.89 GHz is also achieved with a differential heating power ranging from 0.00 mW to 0.53 mW.

1+1 Dedicated Optical-Layer Protection Strategy for Filterless Optical Networks

We propose a dedicated optical-layer protection strategy for filterless optical networks offering a 100% protection ratio by introducing a limited number of wavelength selective components at selected intermediate nodes. A comparison with conventional active photonic switching networks is presented. The results show that the proposed 1+1 protection for filterless networks exhibits a clear cost advantage at similar wavelength usage compared to active switching solutions.

Physical layer validation of Filterless optical networks

A simple analytical model is proposed for validating the physical layer of Filterless optical networks based on advanced transmission technologies. Results obtained with a prototype tool developed in MATLAB environment and validated using VPItransmissionMaker™ are presented.

Topological Wavelength Usage Estimation in Transparent Wide Area Networks

A power law relationship is established between wavelength usage and algebraic connectivity of backbone wavelength division multiplexing networks. From this observation, a concise prediction formula linking wavelength consumption to network topologies is derived and evaluated for real-world wide area networks. It is shown that the algebraic-connectivity-based wavelength usage estimation is more precise than evaluations relying on node degree variance, number of spanning trees, and average internodal distance.

On-Chip Tunable Second-Order Differential-Equation Solver Based on a Silicon Photonic Mode-Split Microresonator

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an on-chip all-optical differential-equation solver capable of solving second-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) characterizing continuous-time linear time-invariant systems. The photonic device is implemented by a self-coupled microresonator on a silicon-on-insulator platform with mutual coupling between the cavity modes. Owing to the mutual mode coupling within the same resonant cavity, the resonance wavelengths induced by different cavity modes are self-aligned, thus avoiding precise wavelength alignment and unequal thermal wavelength drifts as in the case of cascaded resonators. By changing the mutual mode coupling strength, the proposed device can be used to solve second-order ODEs with tunable coefficients. System demonstration using the fabricated device is carried out for 10-Gb/s optical Gaussian and super-Gaussian input pulses. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions of the solutions, which verify the feasibility of the fabricated device as a tunable second-order photonic ODE solver.