Christoph Reißfelder

Free intraperitoneal tumor cells and outcome in gastric cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose Despite continuously improving therapies, gastric cancer still shows poor survival in locally advanced stages with local recurrence rates of up to 50% and peritoneal recurrence rates of 17% after curative surgery. We performed a systematic review with meta-analyses to clarify whether positive intraperitoneal cytology (IPC) indicates a high risk of disease recurrence and poor overall survival in gastric cancer. Methods Multiple databases were searched in December 2014 to identify studies on the prognostic significance of positive intraperitoneal cytology in gastric cancer, including: Medline, Biosis, Science Citation Index, Embase, CCMed and publisher databases. Hazard ratios (HR) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) were extracted from the identified studies. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model on overall survival, disease-free survival and peritoneal recurrence free survival. Results A total of 64 studies with a cumulative sample size of 12,883 patients were included. Cytology, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or both were performed in 35; 21 and 8 studies, respectively. Meta analyses revealed free intraperitoneal tumor cells (FITC) to be associated with poor overall survival in univariate (HR 3.27; 95% CI 2.82 - 3.78]) and multivariate (HR 2.45; 95% CI 2.04 - 2.94) analysis and poor peritoneal recurrence free survival in univariate (4.15; 95% CI 3.10 - 5.57) and multivariate (3.09; 95% CI 2.02 - 4.71) analysis. Subgroup analysis showed this effect to be independent of the detection method, Western or Asian origin or the time of publication. Conclusions FITC oder positive peritoneal cytology is associated with poor survival and increased peritoneal recurrence in gastric cancer.

Laparoscopic surgery of liver tumors

IntroductionDespite initial concerns regarding safety and oncological adequacy, the use of laparoscopic liver resections for benign and malignant diseases has spread worldwide. As in open liver surgery, anatomical orientation and the ability to control intraoperative challenges as bleeding have to be combined with expertise in advanced laparoscopic techniques.MethodsIn this review, we provide an overview regarding the literature on laparoscopic liver resection for benign and malignant liver tumors with the aim to discuss the current standards and define remaining challenges. Although numerous case series and meta-analyses have addressed the evolving field of laparoscopic liver surgery recently, data from randomized controlled trials are still not available.Results and conclusionsLaparoscopic liver resection is feasible and safe in selected patients and experienced hands. Even major liver resections can be performed laparoscopically. The minimal invasive approach offers benefits in perioperative short-term outcome without compromising oncological outcomes compared to open liver resections. Further randomized trials are needed to formally prove these statements and to define the optimal indication and techniques for the individual patient.

Zylindrische abdominoperineale Rektumexstirpation nach Holm

Die abdominoperineale Rektumexstirpation (APE) nach Holm beschreibt die Technik der extralevatorischen Resektion eines tief sitzenden Rektumkarzinoms. Der Unterschied zur normalen APE ist die zirkumferentielle Ausdehnung der Operation im Bereich des M. puborectalis und des M. levator ani, sodass am Praparat (klassischerweise 3 bis 4 cm oral der Anokutanlinie) keine Taille entsteht. Die abdominale Resektionsphase endet bevor man bei der Dissektion des Mesorektums die Steisbeinspitze erreicht. Erst im folgenden, perinealen Teil der Operation wird das ischiorektale Fettgewebe und der M. levator ani durchtrennt und das Praparat geborgen. Im Folgenden sind die einzelnen Operationsschritte dargestellt.

Individualisierte Chirurgie bei Rektumkarzinomen

Die anteriore oder tiefe anteriore Rektumresektion in Kombination mit einer partiellen (PME) oder totalen mesorektalen Exzision (TME) sind die derzeitigen Standardverfahren in der Chirurgie der Rektumkarzinome. Diese Operationen werden laparoskopisch oder in konventioneller Technik durchgefuhrt. Die wesentlichen Phasen der Operation sind: 1. Mobilisierung von Sigma und Colon descendens; 2. Durchtrennung der A. und V. mesenterica inferior; 3. Durchtrennung des Colon descendens; 4. Mobilisierung des Rektums in PME- oder TME-Technik; 5. Absetzen des Rektums; 6. Anastomosierung; 7. Anlage eines protektiven Stomas (optional). Technische Probleme und schwierige Entscheidungssituationen entstehen meistens bei der ventralen Praparation im kleinen Becken, beim Absetzen des Rektums und bei der Anastomosierung.