Christopher Hodges

European Union Legislation

European Community legislation requires EU Member States to implement representative procedures for enforcement of consumer protection, intellectual property, and late payment laws, but not yet for compensation claims. The possible introduction of damages claims for competition law infringements and electronic privacy, and examination of collective redress in the consumer protection field, is being considered.

Consumer Redress: Ideology and Empiricism

This chapter examines the means by which redress can be delivered to consumers. Public and private enforcement has been a continuous interest for Hans Micklitz, and this chapter is offered to him with deep admiration and appreciation for his support and friendship.

What Are People Trying to Do in Resolving Mass Issues, How Is It Going, and Where Are We Headed?

This concluding article seeks to take an overview of some intriguing issues that emerge from the national reports. At first sight, class actions exist to provide a solution to mass issues raised in courts. What are litigants, their lawyers, and the courts trying to do here? How successful have they been? Might there be other ways of solving mass issues, and what are those alternatives? Is the position static or dynamic? If the latter, where are things heading? What will happen next?

Resolving Mass Disputes

The landscape of mass litigation in Europe has changed impressively in recent years, and collective redress litigation has proved a popular topic. Although much of the literature focuses on the political context, contentious litigation, or how to handle cross-border multi-party cases, this book has a different focus and a fresh approach.