Christopher Thorpe

The Distinguishing Function of European Identity: Attitudes Towards and Visions of Europe and the European Union among Young Scottish Adults

Abstract This paper brings Bourdieus trilogy of theoretical concepts habitus, capital and field to bear on the concept of European identity. By employing a framework analysis of secondary qualitative data in the form of in-depth interviews undertaken with young Scottish adults, it is hypothesised that individuals with knowledge or experience of Europe and European culture are more likely to positively identify with Europe and the European Union than those with either little or no knowledge or experience at all. The results support the hypothesis and the argument is advanced that social groups who stand little or nothing to gain from identifying with Europe are indeed highly unlikely to do so. The author offers specific suggestions for future research.

Critical Strategies for Implementing a Relational Sociological Paradigm: Elias, Bourdieu, and Uncivilized Sociological Theoretical Struggles

Rejecting the premise that social entities possess any “fixed” or “essential” meaning, relational sociological modes of reasoning instead conceive of social phenomena as “inseparable from the transactional contexts within which they are embedded” (Emirbayer 1997, 287). First elaborated in the work of sociology’s fourth-founding father, Georg Simmel,1 relational sociology has developed throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries most notably at the hands of Norbert Elias and Pierre Bourdieu (Emirbayer 1997, Vandenberghe 1999). Following the development and application of relational concepts by these thinkers, as well as a bourgeoning cast of lesser but nonetheless influential scholars,2 relational sociology has carried forward into the twenty-first century a formidable array of thought tools capable of performing analytically sophisticated and penetrating readings of a range of contemporary global phenomena and processes. Indeed, as this collection of essays attests to, relational sociology stands at a critical juncture in its developmental trajectory and is now ready to instigate a move away from the peripheries to the center of the global sociological-theoretical field. Ostensibly, the greatest challenge faced by advocates of this shift derives from an outward-facing relationship: between the degree of fit—or “reality congruence” as Elias (1956) referred to it—of the theoretical concepts substantiating a relational paradigm and the empirical data—the social relations, processes, actors, and others—they are brought to bear upon.